Lymphangiectatic Variant of Low-Grade Malignant Eccrine Spiradenoma.

Low-grade malignant eccrine spiradenoma (spiradenocarcinoma) is a rare sweat gland tumor, which usually arises from a pre-existing benign eccrine spiradenoma. This paper presents the case of a 55-year-old male who had a lesion in his right elbow for 10 years. The microscopic examination revealed a well-demarcated, multilobulated tumor in the dermis and subcutis, which presented with many blood-filled vessels and extensive hemorrhage. The tumor was composed of hyperchromatic, round to oval cells with nucleolar prominence, mild to moderate atypia, and increased mitotic index. Additionally, lymphangiectatic appearance was observed in areas with prominent stromal lymphedema. P53 and Ki-67 had high positivity. Surgical excision of the lesion was performed with adequate surgical margins, and the dissected lymph nodes in the axilla were tumor-negative. After 15 months of follow-up, there was no recurrence or distant metastasis.

Hydatid Cyst of the Spine: A Rare Case Report

Hydatid cyst is a zoonotic disease that can affect multiple organs and is difficult to diagnose and treat. Spinal hydatid cyst (SHC) is a rare hydatid cyst involvement observed in 1% of all cases. It can induce various neurological symptoms depending on the region of the involvement. Paraplegia is one of the most prevalent neurological symptoms. In this case report, a 63-year-old male patient with bilateral lower extremity paraplegia was operated on by neurosurgery and diagnosed with SHC at the level of Th 11 vertebra in the pathological examination of surgically removed materials. Thus, we aimed to emphasize the significance of pathological and microbiological examination in the differential diagnosis of spinal disorders.

Myxoglobulosis in the appendix.

Myxoglobulosis is a specific type of mucocele consisting of mucoid material. It is characterized by opaque, transparent globules that resemble "fish eggs" or "frogspawns". It is generally diagnosed incidentally during an appendectomy or an autopsy. In this paper, we aim to present the case of a 58-year-old male patient who was referred to our hospital because of abdominal pain and loss of appetite. The patient underwent an appendectomy. Opaque intraluminal globules were found in the appendectomy material. The globules resembled pearls and they were 2-3 mm in diameter. After histopathological examinations, the patient was diagnosed with myxoglobulosis accompanied with acute appendicitis. According to our research, this is the first case of myxoglobulosis in our country.

Effect of nebivolol on fracture healing: An experimental rat model.

BACKGROUND: Bone metabolism is a complex system, and fracture healing is one of its most important functions. Many circumstances can influence this process. Chronic drug use in elderly populations can affect bone healing, and inadequate tissue perfusion, increased free radicals and adverse drug effects can negatively influence fracture healing. Nebivolol, an anti-hypertensive drug that selectively blocks ß1 receptors, effectively reduces blood pressure by inducing peripheral vasodilation. Nebivolol also exerts anti-oxidant effects by stimulating nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. Many studies show that NO protects the vascular endothelium and improves fracture healing. OBJECTIVES: In this study, the histological and radiological effects of intraperitoneally administered nebivolol on fracture healing were evaluated. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-one Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 3 (nebivolol 1, 2 and control) groups. Sterile nebivolol solution (1 mL = 0.017 mg nebivolol) was given to the rats in group 1 every day for 4 weeks, while the rats in nebivolol group 2 were given 2 mL per day, beginning after the production of an open, displaced unilateral femur fracture. Radiographic and histological studies were used to evaluate fracture healing. RESULTS: Histological and immunohistochemical analysis showed osseous healing with woven bone at the fracture site and only minimal amounts of cartilage in nebivolol 1 and 2 groups. Radiological grading was not different between the control and the nebivolol groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that nebivolol, a selective ß blocker, has positive effects on fracture healing through anti-oxidative effects via the NO pathway and direct vasodilator effects.

Antioxidant Effect of Ukrain Versus N-Acetylcysteine Against Acute Biliary Pancreatitis in An Experimental Rat Model.

Purpose/Aim: Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis (AP). We compared the therapeutic effects of Ukrain (NSC 631570) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in rats with AP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups: controls; AP; AP with NAC; and AP with Ukrain. AP was induced via the ligation of the bile-pancreatic duct; drugs were administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) 30 min and 12 h after AP induction. Twenty-four hours after AP induction, animals were sacrificed and the pancreas was excised. Levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO), and activity levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were measured in tissue samples. Total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), and total bilirubin, as well as activity levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), amylase and lipase were measured in serum samples. Pancreatic tissue histopathology was also evaluated. RESULTS: Test drugs reduced levels of MDA, NO, TNF-α, total bilirubin, AST, ALT, TOS and MPO, amylase and lipase activities (P < 0.001), and increased TAS (P < 0.001). Rats treated with test drugs attenuated AP-induced morphologic changes and decreased pancreatic damage scores compared with the AP group (P < 0.05). Both test drugs attenuated pancreatic damage, but the therapeutic effect was more pronounced in rats that received Ukrain than in those receiving NAC. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that treatment with Ukrain or NAC can reduce pancreatic damage via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.

Effects of captopril, telmisartan and bardoxolone methyl (CDDO-Me) in ischemia-reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury in rats: an experimental comparative study.

Renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is one of the most common causes of acute kidney injury. This study investigated the effects of captopril (CAP), telmisartan (TEL) and bardoxolone methyl (BM) in animals with renal IR injury. Adult male Wistar-Albino rats were divided into six groups: control, vehicle, IR, IR with CAP, IR with TEL and IR with BM. Before IR was induced, drugs were administered by oral gavage. After a 60-min ischemia and a 120-min reperfusion period, bilateral nephrectomies were performed. Serum urea, creatinine, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels, tissue total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), total thiol (TT), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity were measured. Tissue mRNA expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-É£ (PPAR-É£), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) were analyzed. In addition, renal tissues were evaluated histopathologically and immunohistochemically. All tested drugs reduced renal damage, apoptosis, urea, creatinine, NGAL, TOS, nitric oxide (NO) and ADMA levels, NF-κB, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) expressions (P < 0.001). All tested drugs increased SOD activity, GSH-Px activity, TAS levels, TT levels, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression, dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolases (DDAHs) expression, Nrf2 expression and PPAR-É£ expression (P < 0.001, P < 0.003). These results suggest that CAP, TEL and BM pretreatment could reduce renal IR injury via anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects.

Enteric duplication cyst located at the posterior tongue: a rare case report and review of the literature.

The lingual localization of an enteric duplication is extremely rare but may present with respiratory and feeding problems that require emergency intervention. A 7-month-old boy was brought to our clinic with feeding difficulties and tongue swelling. Physical examination showed a cystic lesion located near the left side of the tongue base that caused tongue protrusion to the contralateral side. During surgery, a 3-cm diameter opaque thick-walled cyst was found to be very closely adherent to the base of tongue, which was excised in its entirety. Following surgery, the patient fed during the early postoperative period and no complications were observed other than hypersalivation. On histological examination, a cystic lesion lined with intestinal mucosa and goblet cells was found. We present the rare case of a duplication cyst of the posterior tongue, with a literature review.

Carcinosarcoma of the thyroid gland.

Introduction. Surgeon has significant role in the management of such rare and controversial clinical entities related to thyroid gland. In this case report we have presented an elderly patient with rapid enlargement in thyroid that was related to carcinosarcoma. Case Presentation. A 60-year-old lady was presented with rapid enlargement of the thyroid gland. A fine needle aspiration of the nodule in right lobe was performed several weeks before presentation to our clinic. End diagnosis was a papillary carcinoma of the thyroid with spindle cell component. Thus the nodule was recognized to be a carcinosarcoma. Conclusion. Thyroid surgery merits a multidisciplinary approach. Indeed the surgeon should make a conclusive decision in some controversial and rare clinical entities such as carcinosarcoma.