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Emerg Infect Dis ; 30(3): 432-443, 2024 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38325363

ABSTRACT

During 1979-2022, Cameroon recorded 32 laboratory-confirmed mpox cases among 137 suspected mpox cases identified by the national surveillance network. The highest positivity rate occurred in 2022, indicating potential mpox re-emergence in Cameroon. Both clade I (n = 12) and clade II (n = 18) monkeypox virus (MPXV) were reported, a unique feature of mpox in Cameroon. The overall case-fatality ratio of 2.2% was associated with clade II. We found mpox occurred only in the forested southern part of the country, and MPXV phylogeographic structure revealed a clear geographic separation among concurrent circulating clades. Clade I originated from eastern regions close to neighboring mpox-endemic countries in Central Africa; clade II was prevalent in western regions close to West Africa. Our findings suggest that MPXV re-emerged after a 30-year lapse and might arise from different viral reservoirs unique to ecosystems in eastern and western rainforests of Cameroon.


Subject(s)
Monkeypox virus , Mpox (monkeypox) , Humans , Cameroon/epidemiology , Monkeypox virus/genetics , Ecosystem , Mpox (monkeypox)/epidemiology , Africa, Western/epidemiology
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