ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the P4 suicide screener in a multinational sample. The primary goal was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the scale and investigate its convergent validity by analyzing its correlation with depression, anxiety, and substance use. STUDY DESIGN: The study design is a cross-sectional self-report study conducted across 42 countries. METHODS: A cross-sectional, self-report study was conducted in 42 countries, with a total of 82,243 participants included in the final data set. RESULTS: The study provides an overview of suicide ideation rates across 42 countries and confirms the structural validity of the P4 screener. The findings indicated that sexual and gender minority individuals exhibited higher rates of suicidal ideation. The P4 screener showed adequate reliability, convergence, and discriminant validity, and a cutoff score of 1 is recommended to identify individuals at risk of suicidal behavior. CONCLUSIONS: The study supports the reliability and validity of the P4 suicide screener across 42 diverse countries, highlighting the importance of using a cross-cultural suicide risk assessment to standardize the identification of high-risk individuals and tailoring culturally sensitive suicide prevention strategies.
Subject(s)
Cross-Cultural Comparison , Suicidal Ideation , Humans , Cross-Sectional Studies , Psychometrics , Reproducibility of Results , Suicide PreventionABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: After tracheal resection and end-to-end anastomosis, granulation tissue formation and stenosis along the anastomotic line are major problems. This experimental study in rats evaluated the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on the healing of tracheal anastomosis after irradiation. METHODS: Forty-four rats were divided into four groups: Group I (n = 12) underwent tracheal anastomosis after irradiation (30 Gy) and received hyperbaric oxygen treatment; Group II (n = 12) underwent tracheal anastomosis and received hyperbaric oxygen treatment; Group III (n = 11) underwent tracheal anastomosis after irradiation (30 Gy); and Group IV (n = 9) underwent only tracheal anastomosis. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment was administered at 2.5 atmospheres of absolute pressure once a day for 1 week. The rats were sacrificed 28 days after tracheal anastomosis. The cross-sectional area (CSA) of the tracheal lumen was compared between groups. Inflammation, fibrosis, epithelization, alveolar congestion and alveolar hemorrhage were evaluated by histological analysis. RESULTS: The rats in all groups survived the study period, except for two in Group III which died from anastomotic dehiscence. Macroscopically, rats in the hyperbaric oxygen therapy groups showed excellent healing at the anastomosis. In these groups, CSA scores and epithelization were higher than in the other groups. There was local necrosis at the anastomosis in 3 rats in Group III. Fibrosis and alveolar congestion observed in Groups III and IV were significantly higher than in Groups I and II. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that hyperbaric oxygen treatment contributes to the healing of tracheal anastomosis following irradiation and may be a useful supportive treatment after tracheal resection and end-to-end anastomosis.
Subject(s)
Hyperbaric Oxygenation , Trachea/radiation effects , Trachea/surgery , Tracheal Stenosis/prevention & control , Wound Healing , Anastomosis, Surgical , Animals , Fibrosis , Necrosis , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Severity of Illness Index , Time Factors , Trachea/pathology , Tracheal Stenosis/etiology , Tracheal Stenosis/pathologyABSTRACT
Algae, bacteria, and zooplankton were counted in samples drawn from 120- and 150-m high-rate algae ponds (those used for wastewater treatment). The fraction of nondegraded organic matter was estimated by comparing the ratio of biological and chemical oxygen demands and the bacterial, algal, and zooplankton counts to volatile suspended solids. With pond effluent quality at an acceptable level (around 18 mg of dissolved biological oxygen demand), the algae/bacteria ratio was around 1:100 or even higher, the zooplankton count was negligible, and the bacterial concentration was approximately 10 cells per liter by direct count. The data for bacteria exceeded those of earlier studies by one to three orders of magnitude.
