ABSTRACT
Beatrix, Carthage, Daegal, Dulcie, Fancypants, Fenn, Inca, Naira, and Robyn are newly isolated bacteriophages capable of infecting Mycolicibacterium smegmatis mc2 155. We discovered, sequenced, and annotated these New Zealand bacteriophages. These phages illustrate that New Zealand harbors a selection of the highly diverse and distributed mycobacteriophage clusters found globally.
ABSTRACT
Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) in the electron microscope has progressed remarkably in the last five years. Advances in monochromator and spectrometer design have improved the energy resolution attainable in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) to 4.2 meV, and new applications of ultrahigh energy resolution EELS have not lagged behind. They include vibrational spectroscopy in the electron microscope, a field that did not exist 5 years ago but has now grown very substantially. Notable examples include vibrational mapping with about 1â¯nm spatial resolution, analyzing the momentum dependence of vibrational states in very small volumes, determining the local temperature of the sample from the ratio of energy gains to energy losses, detecting hydrogen and analyzing its bonding, probing radiation-sensitive materials with minimized damage by aloof spectroscopy and leap-frog scanning, and identifying biological molecules with different isotopic substitutions. We review the instrumentation advances, provide a summary of key applications, and chart likely future directions.
ABSTRACT
AIM: To study the factors that contribute to postoperative stay following colorectal surgery. DESIGN: A prospective observational study. SETTING: Three colorectal surgical units - a teaching hospital, a large district general hospital and a district general hospital. PARTICIPANTS: 350 patients undergoing colorectal surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: 28 pre-, peri- and postoperative patient- and treatment-related factors. RESULTS: Stepwise regression analysis suggests that the factors that significantly lengthen postoperative stay include a low albumin on admission, stoma formation, operative blood loss, urinary and respiratory complications, wound infections, postoperative ventilation and social delay at the time of discharge. The postoperative stay was not affected by patient age or by the seniority of the surgical team. CONCLUSIONS: Factors have been identified that determine the postoperative length of stay. These data may allow better planning and treatment of patients undergoing colorectal surgery.
Subject(s)
Colonic Diseases/surgery , Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data , Rectal Diseases/surgery , Blood Transfusion/statistics & numerical data , Colostomy , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Postoperative Care , Prospective Studies , Respiration, Artificial/statistics & numerical data , Social Support , Surgical Wound Infection/complications , Urologic Diseases/complicationsSubject(s)
Antifungal Agents/analysis , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Bacteria/drug effects , Fungi/drug effects , Amino Acids/analysis , Blastomyces/drug effects , Candida/drug effects , Coccidioides/drug effects , Cryptococcus/drug effects , Enterococcus faecalis/drug effects , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Histoplasma/drug effects , Klebsiella/drug effects , Mitosporic Fungi/drug effects , Nocardia/drug effects , Proteus/drug effects , Pseudallescheria/drug effects , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/drug effects , Salmonella/drug effects , Salmonella paratyphi A/drug effects , Salmonella typhi/drug effects , Sporothrix/drug effects , Streptococcus/drug effects , Trichophyton/drug effectsABSTRACT
The isolation and characterization of antibiotic U-21,963 are discussed. This compound is a highly unsaturated monobasic acid with the molecular formula C(9)H(7)NO(3). The molecular weight is 177. It is dextrorotatory, [alpha](D) = +138 degrees , and has a pK(a) of 5.1. The ultraviolet absorption spectrum, which showed a maximum at 223 mmu (epsilon = 15,115), indicates unsaturation alpha-beta to the carboxyl group, and the infrared spectrum suggests the presence of an acetylenic group. Explosive decomposition of U-21,963 at 97 C conforms with the latter. U-21,963 is relatively insoluble in water, but readily soluble in ethyl alcohol, acetone, and halogenated hydrocarbons.
