ABSTRACT
Karyotypes of Calomyscus from different regions of Turkmenistan, Iran, and Azerbaijan were studied using chromosome banding (G- and C-banding) and analyses of meiosis in laboratory hybrids. Extensive variation in the diploid number and the number of autosomal arms (FNa) was revealed (2n = 30, FNa = 44; 2n = 32, FNa = 42; 2n = 44, FNa = 46; 2n = 44, FNa = 58; 2n = 37, FNa = 44; 2n = 50, FNa = 50; 2n = 52, FNa = 56). Centric and tandem fusions and heterochromatin changes were identified as the major modes of karyotype evolution in this group. Natural hybrids between individuals with different karyotypes were recorded, and regular chromosome pairing in meiosis was observed in laboratory hybrids. Fluorescence in situ hybridization with a 353-bp BspRI complex tandem repeat indicated that chromosomal repatterning occurred recently within the genus. There is no unequivocal evidence suggesting the role of chromosomal change in the speciation of the populations of Calomyscus examined.
Subject(s)
Chromosome Banding , Cricetinae/classification , Cricetinae/genetics , In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence , Animals , Azerbaijan , Base Sequence , Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific/metabolism , Diploidy , Female , Geography , Heterochromatin/genetics , Hybridization, Genetic/genetics , Iran , Karyotyping , Male , Microscopy, Electron , Molecular Sequence Data , Phylogeny , Synaptonemal Complex/genetics , Tandem Repeat Sequences/genetics , TurkmenistanSubject(s)
Living Wills/statistics & numerical data , Terminally Ill/statistics & numerical data , Treatment Refusal/statistics & numerical data , Activities of Daily Living , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Data Collection , Decision Making , Female , Humans , Infant , Life Support Care/methods , Life Support Care/psychology , Life Support Care/statistics & numerical data , Male , Middle Aged , Quality of Life , Right to Die , Terminally Ill/psychology , Treatment Refusal/psychology , VirginiaABSTRACT
The electrophoretic mobilities of 52 enzymes and proteins were used as measures of the genetic similarity between the sibling species Microtus arvalis and M. subarvalis. The two vole species differed in the electrophoretic mobilities of seven (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, adenylate kinase, diaphorase, lactate dehydrogenase-A, alpha-galactosidase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and hemoglobin) of these markers. This allowed us to accept the seven markers assayed as species-specific markers. Based on the frequency distribution of the genes at the polymorphic loci of M. arvalis and M. subarvalis, the degree of their genetic similarity was estimated as 0.312 and the genetic distance as 1.164 by Nei's formula. The estimates for genetic similarity were close to those obtained for species recognized as distinct.
