ABSTRACT
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves the administration of photosensitizer followed by local illumination with visible light of specific wavelength(s). In the presence of oxygen molecules, the light illumination of photosensitizer can lead to a series of photochemical reactions and consequently the generation of cytotoxic species. The quantity and location of PDT-induced cytotoxic species determine the nature and consequence of PDT. Much progress has been seen in both basic research and clinical application in recent years. Although the majority of approved PDT clinical protocols have primarily been used for the treatment of superficial lesions of both malignant and non-malignant diseases, interstitial PDT for the ablation of deep-seated solid tumors are now being investigated worldwide. The complexity of the geometry and non-homogeneity of solid tumor pose a great challenge on the implementation of minimally invasive interstitial PDT and the estimation of PDT dosimetry. This review will discuss the recent progress and technical challenges of various forms of interstitial PDT for the treatment of parenchymal and/or stromal tissues of solid tumors.
Subject(s)
Neoplasms/therapy , Photochemotherapy/methods , Apoptosis , Clinical Trials as Topic , Humans , Immune System , Light , Medical Oncology/methods , Medical Oncology/trends , Models, Statistical , Oxygen/metabolism , Photochemotherapy/trends , Photosensitizing Agents/pharmacology , RadiometrySubject(s)
Otolaryngology , Periodicals as Topic , Reading , Humans , Periodicals as Topic/standards , Publishing/standardsABSTRACT
Oral cavity cancers represent an area of head and neck oncology with some unique and interesting management themes. In spite of a significant paradigm shift in the treatment of many head and neck cancers toward us-ing primary chemoradiation, this treatment is not frequently applied to the oral cavity. Small cancers of the oral cavity are usually managed by surgery alone. Larger cancers are usually treated with primary surgery followed by chemoradiation. Neck treatment is offered to patients who have a greater than 20% chance of having lymph node metastasis or who have neck disease at the time of presentation. Neck treatment may involve surgery, radiation therapy, or both. Reconstruction of surgical defects of the oral cavity runs the gamut of techniques from the most simple to the most complex three-dimensional microvascular composite flaps. A multidisciplinary setting with a tumor board and multiple supportive services provides the best care for patients who have advanced-stage cancers.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery , Mouth Neoplasms/surgery , Mouth/surgery , Brachytherapy , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Humans , Lymph Node Excision , Lymphatic Metastasis , Mouth Mucosa/surgery , Mouth Neoplasms/pathology , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/surgery , Neoplasm Staging , Oral Surgical Procedures , Surgery, Plastic , Survival RateSubject(s)
Entrepreneurship , Health Facilities , Guideline Adherence , Organizational Innovation , United StatesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma (MIFS), also named inflammatory myxohyaline tumor of distal extremities with virocyte or Reed-Sternberg cells, is a rare tumor typically presenting as a painless mass in the extremities. PATIENTS: We present an unusual case of MIFS presenting as a subcutaneous neck mass. This is the first reported case of MIFS presenting in the neck. RESULTS: Therefore, this lesion must be considered in the differential diagnosis for painless subcutaneous masses presenting not only in the distal extremities, but also in the neck. CONCLUSION: MIFS has only recently been recognized. The differential diagnosis for MIFS is broad, and it can often be mistaken for several different inflammatory and neoplastic processes, which may require different treatment.
Subject(s)
Fibroblasts/pathology , Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology , Myxosarcoma/pathology , Subcutaneous Tissue/pathology , Adult , Antigens, CD/metabolism , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Head and Neck Neoplasms/metabolism , Humans , Inflammation/pathology , Myxosarcoma/metabolism , Subcutaneous Tissue/metabolismABSTRACT
This article discusses biophotonic and other physical methods for characterizing oral mucosa.
Subject(s)
Light , Mouth Mucosa , Mouth Neoplasms/diagnosis , Optics and Photonics , Animals , Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic , Cricetinae , Diagnosis, Differential , Fluorescence , Humans , Lasers , Leukoplakia, Oral/diagnosis , Leukoplakia, Oral/pathology , Luminescence , Microscopy , Models, Theoretical , Mouth Mucosa/pathology , Mouth Neoplasms/pathology , Neoplasms, Experimental , PhotonsABSTRACT
The bipolar scissors, coblator, harmonic scalpel, and somnoplasty techniques are widely available and offer new choices for the operating arena. There are advantages and disadvantages to all four techniques. With time, these dissection methods will prove their lasting power. Otolaryngologists have already begun to expand their applications and will surely play a role in their use and development.
Subject(s)
Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures/methods , Surgical Instruments/trends , Adult , Animals , Catheter Ablation/methods , Child , Chronic Disease , Disease Models, Animal , Electrocoagulation/instrumentation , Electrosurgery/instrumentation , Electrosurgery/methods , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures/instrumentation , Palate, Soft/surgery , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Retrospective Studies , Rhinitis/surgery , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/surgery , Snoring/surgery , Swine , Time Factors , Tonsillectomy/instrumentation , Tonsillectomy/methods , Turbinates/surgeryABSTRACT
For products that combine a drug with a device, such as a drug-eluting stent, the regulatory pathway is less clear than it is for drugs or devices alone. The authors discuss the steps that the FDA has taken to address this situation.
ABSTRACT
Temporal arteritis, also known more accurately as giant cell arteritis (GCA), is a multisystem vasculitis of elderly people that involves large and medium-sized blood vessels with a particular predilection to the craniofacial branches of the carotid arteries, especially the temporal artery. Symptoms include visual loss, headaches, fever, audiovestibular symptoms, and jaw claudication. Otolaryngologists are consulted to care for these patients to confirm the diagnosis, to rule out other causes of face pain and headaches, to care for patients with audiovestibular manifestations of GCA, and to perform temporal artery biopsies. Consequently, it is important for consultants to understand the signs and symptoms and natural history of GCA and the indications, technique, and complications of temporal artery biopsy. GCA can appear with protean head and neck manifestations. Otolaryngologists should be aware of these and understand the issues concerning maximizing the yield from temporal artery biopsies.