Time-of-day effects on ex vivo muscle contractility following short-term satellite cell ablation.

Muscle isometric torque fluctuates according to time-of-day with such variation owed to the influence of circadian molecular clock genes. Satellite cells (SC), the muscle stem cell population, also express molecular clock genes with several contractile related genes oscillating in a diurnal pattern. Currently, limited evidence exists regarding the relationship between SCs and contractility, although long-term SC ablation alters muscle contractile function. Whether there are acute alterations in contractility following SC ablation and with respect to the time-of-day is unknown. We investigated whether short-term SC ablation affected contractile function at two times of day, and whether any such alterations lead to different extents of eccentric contraction-induced injury. Utilizing an established mouse model to deplete SCs, we characterized muscle clock gene expression and ex vivo contractility at two times-of-day (morning 0700 h and afternoon, 1500 h). Morning-SC+ animals demonstrated ~25-30% reductions in tetanic/eccentric specific forces and, after eccentric injury, exhibited ~30% less force-loss and ~50% less dystrophinnegative fibers versus SC- counterparts; no differences were noted between Afternoon groups (Morning-SC+: -5.63 ± 0.61, Morning-SC-: -7.93 ± 0.61; N/cm2; p < 0.05) (Morning-SC+: 32 ± 2.1, Morning-SC-: 64 ± 10.2; dystrophinnegative fibers; p < 0.05). As Ca++ kinetics underpin force-generation, we also evaluated caffeine-induced contracture-force as an indirect marker of Ca++ availability, and found similar force reductions in Morning-SC+ vs SC- mice. We conclude that force-production is reduced in the presence of SCs in the morning but not the afternoon, suggesting that SCs may have a time-of-day influence over contractile-function.

Health risk of consuming Sphoeroides spp. from the Navachiste Lagoon complex due to its trace metals and organochlorine pesticides content.

The Navachiste complex (NAV) is impacted by neighbored human activities and is located in the southwestern coastal zone of the Gulf of California. The study determines the trace metal (TM) and organochlorine pesticides (OCP) health risk content in the edible tissue of Sphoeroides spp. from NAV. The daily intakes (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), hazard index (HI), and carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks were calculated. Twenty OCP and seven TM were detected. Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn were above MRLs. The γ‒Chlordane was the most frequent OCP. The highest average concentration was for α‒HCH, followed by γ‒chlordane. With the high ratios of γ‒HCH, p, p'‒ DDD and p, p'‒DDD, and the absence of p, p'‒ DDT, the higher ratios for dieldrin and endrin than for aldrin, α‒ chlordane, γ‒chlordane, heptachlor, and heptachlor epoxide indicates historical contamination. In contrast, the residual products of methoxychlor, endosulfan, and its isomers indicate endosulfan's recent use. The TM EDI, THQ > 1 (at 120 g day-1), and the ILCR (> 1 × 10-6) were above minimum levels, showing a high-risk potential for cancer development in the long term.

Draft Genome Sequence of Lactococcus lactis Strain PrHT3, Isolated from Organic Basil.

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of Lactococcus lactis strain PrHT3, which was isolated from organic basil. This strain possesses one chromosome and two plasmids. This strain possesses potential probiotic characteristics.

Draft Genome Sequences of the Vibrio parahaemolyticus Strains VHT1 and VHT2, Pasteurization-Resistant Isolates from Environmental Seafood.

Two pasteurization-resistant strains, VHT1 and VHT2, of environmental, viable but nonculturable, pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus were isolated from environmental oysters. Their whole-genome sequences were constructed. The genome sizes for VHT1 and VHT2 are 5.11 Mbp and 5.26 Mbp, respectively.

Recovery of Pasteurization-Resistant Vibrio parahaemolyticus from Seafoods Using a Modified, Two-Step Enrichment.

Persistent Vibrio-parahaemolyticus-associated vibriosis cases, attributed, in part, to the inefficient techniques for detecting viable-but-non-culturable (VBNC) Vibrio pathogens and the ingestion of undercooked seafood, is the leading cause of bacterial seafood-borne outbreaks, hospitalizations, and deaths in the United States. The effect of extreme heat processing on Vibrio biology and its potential food safety implication has been underexplored. In the present work, environmental samples from the wet market, lagoon, and estuarine environments were analyzed for V. parahaemolyticus recovery using a modified, temperature-dependent, two-step enrichment method followed by culture-based isolation, phenotype, and genotype characterizations. The work recovered novel strains (30% of 12 isolates) of V. parahaemolyticus from prolonged-heat-processing conditions (80 °C, 20 min), as confirmed by 16S rDNA bacterial identification. Select strains, VHT1 and VHT2, were determined to be hemolysis- and urease-positive pathogens. PCR analyses of chromosomal DNA implicated the tdh-independent, tlh-associated hemolysis in these strains. Both strains exhibited significant, diverse antibiotic profiles (p < 0.05). Turbidimetric and viable count assays revealed the pasteurization-resistant V. parahaemolyticus VHT1/VHT2 (62 °C, 8 h). These findings disclose the efficiency of Vibrio extremist recovery by the modified, two-step enrichment technique and improve knowledge of Vibrio biology essential to food safety reformation.

Removal of nickel(II) from wastewater using a zeolite-packed anaerobic bioreactor: Bacterial diversity and community structure shifts.

In recent years, overexploited industrialization and urbanization activities have led to significant amounts of heavy metals released into the environment. Metal ion contamination of water, especially with toxic metals such as nickel(II) [Ni(II)], which is extensively applied in the electroplating industry, has been a serious problem. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the Ni(II) removal from real industrial wastewater using a 2 L, lab-scale, up-flow, anaerobic, zeolite-packed bioreactor inoculated with a heterotrophic consortium as the bioadsorbent. High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes revealed significant shifts in their bacterial diversity and structural composition along the bioreactor treatment location, where the bacterial genus was dominated by Kosmotogae followed by Firmicutes as Ruminococcus and Clostridium. However, Fervidobacterium and the Geobacter genus were absent at the end of the bioreactor treatment, suggesting that they play a key role in the beginning of Ni(II) removal anaerobic treatment. The physico-chemical results revealed that the Ni(II) removal rate was 99% for 250-500 ppm metal tested, with an efficient alkalinity rate and high production of biogas, which confirmed that anaerobic digestion of microorganisms was successfully performed through the process. Finally, this anaerobic bioreactor configuration offers an accessible and ecofriendly high-rate metal removal strategy from mining and electroplating effluents.

Organochlorine Pesticides in Gonad, Brain, and Blood of Mice in Two Agricultural Areas of Sinaloa.

The adverse effect of pesticides on non-target wildlife and human health is a primary concern in the world, but in Mexico, we do not know which wildlife species are at the greatest risk. The aim of this study was to determine organochlorine pesticides in mice of two agricultural fields in Sinaloa, Culiacan and Guasave. Procedures of extraction, analysis, and quantification were followed according to the modified EPA 8081b method. In three mouse tissues (gonad, brain, and blood), γBHC and decachlorobiphenyl with a frequency higher than 50% and endosulfan sulfate with 43% were observed. The wildlife fauna living in agricultural areas are at great risk due to: (1) diversity of the chemicals used for pest control, like mice, and (2) variety of organochlorine pesticides in direct or indirect contact with non-target organisms, affecting the health of animals and humans (toxic effects and accumulation).