ABSTRACT
Objective: To analyze results of breast cancer screenings in the Cancer Screening Program in Urban China(CanSPUC)during 2012-2013. Methods: In 14 cities of 9 provinces(Eastern Region: Beijing, Hebei, Liaoning, Shandong and Guangdong; Central Region: Heilongjiang and Hunan; Western Region: Chongqing and Gansu), 198 097 women aged 40-69 years who had lived in their cities for ≥3 years were surveyed through a cancer risk assessment questionnaire during 2012-2013. The questionnaires identified women considered to be at high risk for breast cancer, of whom 17 104 received screening examinations, for whom complete records of breast cancer screening and other data were available for 12 440 subjects altogether, including breast ultrasound exams for subjects 40-44 years old. Subjects older than 45 years or in whom breast imaging reporting and data system(BI-RADS)ultrasound had found ≥ 3 lesions also underwent mammography. In this cohort, BI-RADS 3 class was defined as suspicious and BI-RADS ≥4 class as positive. Chi-square tests were used to compare breast cancer screening results by groups. Results: As of October 2013, breast cancer screening percentages for the 12 440 subjects for whom full data were available were, by region, Eastern: 55.43%(6 895); Central: 21.45%(2 669); and Western: 23.12%(2 876); by age, 40-44 years: 5.50%(684); ≥45 years: 94.50%(11 756). Using BI-RADS, 2018 subjects were found to have 3 lesions(detection rate: 16.22%), which were distributed regionally as Eastern: 19.00%(1 310 women), Central: 13.75%(367)and Western; 11.86%(341); χ2=91.45, P<0.001; and 289 were found to have ≥4 lesions(detection rate: 2.32%), which were distributed regionally as Eastern: 2.41%(166), Central: 1.54%(41)and Western; 2.85%(82); χ2=11.04, P=0.004. Women aged 50-54 years had the highest detection rate of BI-RADS 3 lesions at 18.74%(561/2 994), and those aged 40-44 years had the highest detection rate of BI-RADS ≥4 at 2.92%(20/684). Conclusion: Detection rates of BI-RADS ≥4 lesions were highest in the Western region and in women aged 40-44 years, and lowest in the Central region and in women aged 60-64 years. Detection rates of BI-RADS 3 lesions were highest in the Eastern region and in women aged 50-54 years and the lowest in the Western region and in women aged 60-64 years.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Breast Neoplasms/prevention & control , Mammography/statistics & numerical data , Mass Screening/methods , Mass Screening/statistics & numerical data , Adult , Age Distribution , Aged , Breast/diagnostic imaging , Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology , China/epidemiology , Early Detection of Cancer , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Risk Assessment , Urban PopulationSubject(s)
Acinetobacter Infections/microbiology , Acinetobacter baumannii/drug effects , DNA Gyrase/genetics , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/genetics , Methyltransferases/genetics , beta-Lactamases/genetics , Acinetobacter baumannii/enzymology , Acinetobacter baumannii/genetics , Acinetobacter baumannii/isolation & purification , Aged , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , China , Female , Humans , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/complications , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , MutationSubject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Klebsiella Infections/microbiology , Klebsiella pneumoniae/drug effects , Klebsiella pneumoniae/isolation & purification , Quinolones/pharmacology , Adult , Bacteremia/microbiology , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , China , DNA Gyrase/genetics , DNA, Bacterial/chemistry , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , Hospitals , Humans , Male , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Molecular Sequence Data , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sequence Analysis, DNASubject(s)
Klebsiella Infections/genetics , Klebsiella pneumoniae/genetics , Pneumonia, Bacterial/microbiology , beta-Lactamases/genetics , Aged , Base Sequence , Female , Humans , Klebsiella pneumoniae/isolation & purification , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Molecular Sequence Data , beta-Lactamases/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
In investigating the prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VREs) in a hospital in China, 338 enterococci were detected by using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Eleven VREs were found, including one VanA E. faecalis, one VanB E. faecium, three VanB E. faecalis, five VanC(1) E. gallinarum, and one VanC(2 ) E. flavescens. VITEK 2, microbroth dilution, and E-test were used to determine the susceptibilities of the VREs to certain antimicrobial agents; multiple-drug resistance of the 11 VREs was distinct. Compared with phenotypic methods, multiplex PCR rapidly detected 11 VREs and provided van genotype information. This is the first study that sequenced van genes of VRE isolates in China to date and found type VanB in China. Because of the relatively low isolating rate, early detection of VRE is vital.
Subject(s)
Cross Infection/microbiology , Drug Resistance, Bacterial/genetics , Enterococcus/drug effects , Enterococcus/genetics , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Vancomycin Resistance/genetics , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Base Sequence , Carbon-Oxygen Ligases/genetics , China , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , Enterococcus/isolation & purification , Enterococcus faecalis/drug effects , Enterococcus faecalis/genetics , Enterococcus faecalis/isolation & purification , Enterococcus faecium/drug effects , Enterococcus faecium/genetics , Enterococcus faecium/isolation & purification , Genes, Bacterial , Humans , Peptide Synthases/genetics , Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
The influence of hyperthyroidism on the action of drugs affecting rat liver glycogen content and its mechanism were investigated. The thyroid-induced hyperthyroidism of rat served as the model. In normal rats, dexamethasone (5 mg.kg-1, ip) increased the content of liver glycogen and decreased the Bmax of glucocorticoid receptors (GCR) in liver cytosol. These effects were minimized or even disappeared in hyperthyroid rat models. On the other hand, in normal rats, epinephrine (0.20 mg.kg-1, ip) decreased the content of liver glycogen. This effect was potentiated in hyperthyroid rat models. Epinephrine did not affect the Bmax of GCR in liver cytosol of normal and hyperthyroid rats. These results suggested that hyperthyroidism may be one of the causes effecting the individual differences of drug action, and that the influence of hyperthyroidism on the glycogen-increasing action of dexamethasone correlated well with the changes in glucocorticoid receptor. The mechanism of the influence of hyperthyroidism on the glycogen-decreasing action of epinephrine is to be further explored.
