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1.
Crit Care ; 28(1): 235, 2024 Jul 11.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38992698

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of sedation administration on clinical parameters, comfort status, intubation requirements, and the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) length of stay (LOS) in children with acute respiratory failure (ARF) receiving noninvasive ventilation (NIV). METHODS: Thirteen PICUs in Spain participated in a prospective, multicenter, observational trial from January to December 2021. Children with ARF under the age of five who were receiving NIV were included. Clinical information and comfort levels were documented at the time of NIV initiation, as well as at 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h. The COMFORT-behavior (COMFORT-B) scale was used to assess the patients' level of comfort. NIV failure was considered to be a requirement for endotracheal intubation. RESULTS: A total of 457 patients were included, with a median age of 3.3 months (IQR 1.3-16.1). Two hundred and thirteen children (46.6%) received sedation (sedation group); these patients had a higher heart rate, higher COMFORT-B score, and lower SpO2/FiO2 ratio than did those who did not receive sedation (non-sedation group). A significantly greater improvement in the COMFORT-B score at 3, 6, 12, and 24 h, heart rate at 6 and 12 h, and SpO2/FiO2 ratio at 6 h was observed in the sedation group. Overall, the NIV success rate was 95.6%-intubation was required in 6.1% of the sedation group and in 2.9% of the other group (p = 0.092). Multivariate analysis revealed that the PRISM III score at NIV initiation (OR 1.408; 95% CI 1.230-1.611) and respiratory rate at 3 h (OR 1.043; 95% CI 1.009-1.079) were found to be independent predictors of NIV failure. The PICU LOS was correlated with weight, PRISM III score, respiratory rate at 12 h, SpO2 at 3 h, FiO2 at 12 h, NIV failure and NIV duration. Sedation use was not found to be independently related to NIV failure or to the PICU LOS. CONCLUSIONS: Sedation use may be useful in children with ARF treated with NIV, as it seems to improve clinical parameters and comfort status but may not increase the NIV failure rate or PICU LOS, even though sedated children were more severe at technique initiation in the present sample.


Subject(s)
Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Noninvasive Ventilation , Respiratory Insufficiency , Humans , Noninvasive Ventilation/methods , Noninvasive Ventilation/statistics & numerical data , Prospective Studies , Female , Male , Infant , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric/statistics & numerical data , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric/organization & administration , Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy , Spain , Child, Preschool , Hypnotics and Sedatives/therapeutic use , Hypnotics and Sedatives/administration & dosage , Conscious Sedation/methods , Conscious Sedation/statistics & numerical data
4.
Intensive Care Med ; 48(12): 1691-1708, 2022 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36289081

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Intravenous maintenance fluid therapy (IV-MFT) prescribing in acute and critically ill children is very variable among pediatric health care professionals. In order to provide up to date IV-MFT guidelines, the European Society of Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care (ESPNIC) undertook a systematic review to answer the following five main questions about IV-MFT: (i) the indications for use (ii) the role of isotonic fluid (iii) the role of balanced solutions (iv) IV fluid composition (calcium, magnesium, potassium, glucose and micronutrients) and v) and the optimal amount of fluid. METHODS: A multidisciplinary expert group within ESPNIC conducted this systematic review using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) grading method. Five databases were searched for studies that answered these questions, in acute and critically children (from 37 weeks gestational age to 18 years), published until November 2020. The quality of evidence and risk of bias were assessed, and meta-analyses were undertaken when appropriate. A series of recommendations was derived and voted on by the expert group to achieve consensus through two voting rounds. RESULTS: 56 papers met the inclusion criteria, and 16 recommendations were produced. Outcome reporting was inconsistent among studies. Recommendations generated were based on a heterogeneous level of evidence, but consensus within the expert group was high. "Strong consensus" was reached for 11/16 (69%) and "consensus" for 5/16 (31%) of the recommendations. CONCLUSIONS: Key recommendations are to use isotonic balanced solutions providing glucose to restrict IV-MFT infusion volumes in most hospitalized children and to regularly monitor plasma electrolyte levels, serum glucose and fluid balance.


Subject(s)
Critical Illness , Fluid Therapy , Infant, Newborn , Child , Humans , Critical Illness/therapy , Fluid Therapy/methods , Isotonic Solutions , Infusions, Intravenous , Glucose
5.
J Clin Med ; 10(19)2021 Sep 22.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34640318

ABSTRACT

STUDY DESIGN: This is a prospective, multicenter, and observational study with the aim of describing physiological characteristics, respiratory management, and outcomes of children with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) from different etiologies receiving invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) compared with those affected by SARS-CoV-2. METHODS AND MAIN RESULTS: Twenty-eight patients met the inclusion criteria: 9 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and 19 patients without COVID-19. Non-COVID-19 patients had more pre-existing comorbidities (78.9% vs. 44.4%) than COVID-19 patients. At AHRF onset, non-COVID-19 patients had worse oxygenation (PaO2/FiO2 = 95 mmHg (65.5-133) vs. 150 mmHg (105-220), p = 0.04), oxygenation index = 15.9 (11-28.4) vs. 9.3 (6.7-10.6), p = 0.01), and higher PaCO2 (48 mmHg (46.5-63) vs. 41 mmHg (40-45), p = 0.07, that remained higher at 48 h: 54 mmHg (43-58.7) vs. 41 (38.5-45.5), p = 0.03). In 12 patients (5 COVID-19 and 7 non-COVID-19), AHRF evolved to pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS). All non-COVID-19 patients had severe PARDS, while 3 out of 5 patients in the COVID-19 group had mild or moderate PARDS. Overall Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine (PICU) mortality was 14.3%. CONCLUSIONS: Children with AHRF due to SARS-CoV2 infection had fewer comorbidities and better oxygenation than patients with non-COVID-19 AHRF. In this study, progression to severe PARDS was rarely observed in children with COVID-19.

6.
An Pediatr (Engl Ed) ; 94(6): 385-395, 2021 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34090635

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Environmental exposure to tobacco increases the risk of respiratory disease in infants. However, the impact of maternal smoking on the development of acute bronchiolitis has hardly been assessed. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of acute bronchiolitis and to analyse the effect of prenatal and postnatal maternal smoking on the development of this disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective, observational study was performed on healthy newborns from a third level hospital born between October 2015 and February 2016. Questionnaires were completed by the mothers at discharge from maternity and followed-up for two years. These collected information about prenatal and postnatal smoking, lifestyle, family and personal history, and the development of bronchiolitis. A bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. RESULTS: A total of 223 newborns were included, of whom 13.9% were exposed to tobacco smoking during gestation, 21.4% in the postnatal period, and 12.4% in both times. The incidence of bronchiolitis was 28.7% at one year of life, and 34.5% at two years. The multivariate analysis demonstrated that the prenatal and postnatal exposure to tobacco is an independent risk factor for the development of bronchiolitis (OR 4.38; 95% CI; 1.63-11.76), while prolonged breastfeeding is a protective factor (OR 0.13; 95% CI; 0.04-0.48). Other factors that were statistically significant were: atopic dermatitis (OR 2.91; 95% CI; 1.26-6.73), and gestational age (OR 1.42; 95% CI; 1.08-1.88). CONCLUSIONS: Children exposed to prenatal and postnatal maternal smoking have a higher risk of suffering bronchiolitis. Reducing the smoking habit in women that intend to become pregnant must be a priority in preventive medicine.


Subject(s)
Bronchiolitis , Tobacco Smoke Pollution , Bronchiolitis/epidemiology , Child , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , Prospective Studies , Smoking/adverse effects , Nicotiana , Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects
7.
An. pediatr. (2003. Ed. impr.) ; 94(6): 385-395, jun. 2021. tab, ilus
Article in English, Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-207524

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La exposición ambiental al tabaco incrementa el riesgo de patología respiratoria en la infancia. Sin embargo, el impacto del tabaquismo materno en el desarrollo de bronquiolitis aguda ha sido escasamente evaluado. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la incidencia de bronquiolitis aguda y analizar el efecto del tabaquismo materno prenatal y posnatal en el desarrollo de esta patología. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio observacional, prospectivo, que incluyó recién nacidos sanos de un hospital terciario entre octubre de 2015 y febrero de 2016. Se realizaron encuestas a las madres al alta de maternidad y seguimiento durante 2años, que recogieron información sobre tabaquismo prenatal y posnatal, estilo de vida, antecedentes familiares y personales, y desarrollo de bronquiolitis. Se realizó análisis de regresión logística bivariante y multivariante. Resultados: Se incluyeron 223 recién nacidos; el 13,9% estuvieron expuestos a tabaquismo durante la gestación, el 21,4% en período posnatal y el 12,4% en ambos momentos. La incidencia de bronquiolitis fue del 28,7% al año de vida y del 34,5% a los 2años. El análisis multivariante demostró que la exposición prenatal y posnatal al tabaco es un factor de riesgo independiente para el desarrollo de bronquiolitis (OR4,38; IC95%: 1,63-11,76), mientras que la lactancia materna prolongada es un factor protector (OR0,13; IC95%: 0,04-0,48). Otros factores que resultaron estadísticamente significativos fueron: dermatitis atópica (OR2,91; IC95%: 1,26-6,73) y edad gestacional (OR1,42; IC95%: 1,08-1,88). Conclusiones: Los niños expuestos a tabaquismo materno prenatal y posnatal presentan un mayor riesgo de padecer bronquiolitis. La disminución del hábito tabáquico en mujeres con intención de embarazo debe ser una prioridad en medicina preventiva. (AU)


Introduction: Environmental exposure to tobacco increases the risk of respiratory disease in infants. However, the impact of maternal smoking on the development of acute bronchiolitis has hardly been assessed. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of acute bronchiolitis and to analyse the effect of prenatal and postnatal maternal smoking on the development of this disease. Patients and methods: A prospective, observational study was performed on healthy newborns from a third level hospital born between October 2015 and February 2016. Questionnaires were completed by the mothers at discharge from maternity and followed-up for 2years. These collected information about prenatal and postnatal smoking, lifestyle, family and personal history, and the development of bronchiolitis. A bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. Results: A total of 223newborns were included, of whom 13.9% were exposed to tobacco smoking during gestation, 21.4% in the postnatal period, and 12.4% in both times. The incidence of bronchiolitis was 28.7% at one year of life, and 34.5% at 2years. The multivariate analysis demonstrated that the prenatal and postnatal exposure to tobacco is an independent risk factor for the development of bronchiolitis (OR4.38; 95%CI: 1.63-11.76), while prolonged breastfeeding is a protective factor (OR0.13; 95%CI: 0.04-0.48). Other factors that were statistically significant were: atopic dermatitis (OR2.91; 95%CI: 1.26-6.73), and gestational age (OR1.42; 95%CI: 1.08-1.88). Conclusions: Children exposed to prenatal and postnatal maternal smoking have a higher risk of suffering bronchiolitis. Reducing the smoking habit in women that intend to become pregnant must be a priority in preventive medicine. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Bronchiolitis , Tobacco Use , Tobacco Smoke Pollution , Breast Feeding , Parenting , Prospective Studies
10.
Pediatr Diabetes ; 19(1): 180-183, 2018 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28493372

ABSTRACT

Fanconi-Bickel syndrome is a rare inherited disease characterized by the combination of hepatorenal glycogen accumulation, proximal renal tubular dysfunction and impaired utilization of glucose and galactose. The first symptoms of the disorder are recognized in late infancy as clinical characteristics appear. Therapeutic approach is mainly conservative with supplements of calcium, phosphate and vitamin D and small frequent feedings to avoid hypoglycemia. We report 1 clinical case of very early diagnosis, a 19 days old baby girl, in which the first clinical sign of the disease was the detection of glycosuria and vomits. Serum alkaline phosphatase levels were very high without rickets. The patient presented postprandial hyperglycemia and fasting hypoglycemia. A complete 24-hour glucose profile was obtained using a continuous glucose monitoring system in real time, which was fundamental not only for the diagnosis but also for the prevention of hypoglycemia. She received frequent small meals, galactose-free milk diet, and oral intakes of calcium, phosphorum, bicarbonate and vitamin D supplements with good evolution and normal height and weight gain.


Subject(s)
Fanconi Syndrome/diagnosis , Fanconi Syndrome/complications , Fanconi Syndrome/metabolism , Female , Glycosuria/etiology , Humans , Hyperglycemia/etiology , Infant, Newborn
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