Phase angle is related to oxidative stress and antioxidant biomarkers in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

PURPOSE: The study aimed to analyze the influence of chemotherapy on health biomarkers and examine the relationship between phase angle (PhA) and oxidative stress. METHODS: A prospective study was performed. Women who were starting chemotherapy were recruited. Also, this study included a control group of women without cancer. Bioelectrical impedance multiple-frequency (BIS) analysis, 24h food recall, and blood samples were collected at 2-time points: diagnosis (T0) and after one month of completion of therapy (T1) for the main study group and one-time point for the control group. T-tests or Mann-Whitney Wilcoxon Test was used to compare variables. Linear regression analysis was conducted to test if PhA is related to the dependent variables after adjusting for age and body mass index. RESULTS: 119 women were included (61 with breast cancer and 58 healthy). There was no difference between the groups concerning anthropometrics, fat mass, and fat-free mass. Breast cancer patients had a worsening in PhA (p<0.001) after chemotherapy completion. PhA was positive statistically correlated with extracellular water, albumin, and the antioxidant markers at both times. The linear model showed that PhA was significantly predicted by C reactive protein, 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Malondialdehyde (MDA), total body water/extracellular water, and body mass index fat mass. This model explained 58% of PhA variability (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Our findings show that PhA is an easy and affordable tool that correlates oxidative stress markers in breast cancer patients, regardless of age or body mass index.

An Evaluation of Metabolic, Dietetic, and Nutritional Status Reveals Impaired Nutritional Outcomes in Breast Cancer Patients.

Nutritional status can change in breast cancer patients after treatment. However, the metabolic implications of those alterations are poorly understood. We used a cross-sectional study design to compare body composition, lipids, glucose levels, and adiposity indices in breast cancer patients with a matched control and a healthy group. We recruited women who completed their chemotherapy (BC group) and compared them with a group of women without cancer age and body mass index-paired (MC group) and a group of healthy women (HC group). We estimated body composition by bioelectrical impedance analysis, physical function by handgrip strength, and food consumption by 24-hour food record. A blood sample was collected. We calculated visceral obesity indices (VAI and LAP) and insulin resistance-triglyceride glucose (TyG). Eighty-eight women were included (BC = 36, MC = 36, HC = 16). BC patients demonstrated worse phase angle values, nutritional risk index and lower handgrip strength. Additionally, according to the indices, BC had impairments in lipids, worse glucose levels, and elevated visceral fat adiposity and presented important unhealthy dietary patterns characterized by under-recommended protein consumption and higher caloric intake than the other groups. No differences were observed between both control groups. Further investigations are required to examine the underlying mechanisms and the potential longitudinal changes during surveillance.

Metabolic syndrome and unfavorable outcomes on body composition and in visceral adiposities indexes among early breast cancer women post-chemotherapy.

PURPOSE: The study objected to investigate potential changes in metabolic, dietary, and nutritional status in women with stages I-III breast cancer exposed to chemotherapy. METHODS: Women who were starting chemotherapy with no previous treatment were recruited. Anthropometrics, bioelectrical impedance analysis, handgrip strength, blood pressure and blood sample were collected. Visceral adiposity index and lipid accumulation product were calculated. Dietary intake was evaluated, and the multiple source methods program was applied. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) was assessed following the NCEP-ATP III criteria (defined as 3 of 5 components of MetS). All data were collected at 2-time points: diagnosis (T0) and after 1 month of completion of therapy (T1). Mean, standard deviation, percentage, and ANOVA in SAS Studio® were used to explore the results. RESULTS: 61 women were included. We did not find any changes in anthropometrics and body composition. However, phase angle, extracellular water (EX) and ratio EX to total body water had expressive changes (p < 0.001). The results showed changes in lipid profile (p < 0.001), and greater unfavorable outcomes on adiposities index (p < 0.001). At the end of the study, 68,8% (N = 42) of the women developed MetS post-chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: We have found supporting evidence for chemotherapy treatment resulting in worsening of nutritional markers, lipid profile and adiposity markers. After chemotherapy part of the sample developed MetS, even without changes in body weight, fat mass, and food intake. Breast cancer patients may benefit from targeted interventions before starting chemotherapy to prevent MetS post-treatment, and therefore reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Further investigation into this theme is needed.

Performance of functionality measures and phase angle in women exposed to chemotherapy for early breast cancer.

PURPOSE: The study aimed to analyze the influence of chemotherapy on nutritional status and the phase angle (PhA) as nutritional indicator for breast cancer women undergoing chemotherapy. METHODS: A prospective study was performed. Women who were starting chemotherapy with no previous chemotherapy treatment were recruited. Quality of life (QoL) was collected using the EORTC QLQ-BR23 questionnaire. Bioelectrical impedance analysis, performance tests, and blood sample to albumin analyzes were collected at 2-time points: diagnosis (T0) and after 1 month of completion of therapy (T1). Mean, standard deviation, linear regression, and ANOVA in R were used to explore the results. RESULTS: 61 women were included. We did not find any changes in body composition. However, PhA, nutritional risk index (NRI), gait speed (GS), and handgrip strength (HGS) had expressive changes (p < 0.001). 75.4% of women had PhA values below the cut-off point of 5.6°, and the group that had a lower average of PhA also expressed low NRI. PhA was a nutritional status marker and its values were influenced by changes in NRI (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: We have found supporting evidence for chemotherapy treatment resulting in worsening of prognostic factors such as PhA, and yet PhA was related to no nutritional risk. Besides a higher prevalence of obesity, 80% of the sample showed some nutritional risk level, implying the possibility of a sub-notification candidate who might benefit, for instance, from nutritional intervention in obesity groups. Further investigation about this theme may improve health measures for the prevention and screening of disease among breast cancer.

Cutoff Points of BMI for Classification of Nutritional Status Using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis.

The objective of this study was to improve the cutoff points of the traditional classification of nutritional status and overweight / obesity based on the BMI in a Brazilian sample. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1301 individuals of both genders aged 18 to 60 years. The subjects underwent measurement of weight and height and bioelectrical impedance analysis. Simple linear regression was used for statistical analysis, with the level of significance set at p < 0.05. The sample consisted of 29.7% men and 70.3% women aged on averaged 35.7 ± 17.6 years; mean weight was 67.6 ± 16.0 kg, mean height was 164.9 ± 9.5 cm, and mean BMI was 24.9 ± 5.5 kg/m2. As expected, lower cutoffs were found for BMI than the classic reference points traditionally adopted by the WHO for the classification of obesity, i.e., 27.15 and 27.02 kg/m2 for obesity for men and women, respectively. Other authors also follow this tendency, Romero-Corral et al. (2008) suggested 25.8 to 25.5 kg/m2 for American men and women as new values for BMI classification of obesity. Gupta and Kapoor (2012) proposed 22.9 and 28.8 kg/m2 for men and women of North India. The present investigation supports other literature studies which converge in reducing the BMI cutoff points for the classification of obesity. Thus, we emphasize the need to conduct similar studies for the purpose of defining these new in populations of different ethnicities.

Oxidative stress biomarker responses to an acute session of hypertrophy-resistance traditional interval training and circuit training.

We have studied circuit resistance schemes with high loads as a time-effective alternative to hypertrophy-traditional resistance training. However, the oxidative stress biomarker responses to high-load circuit training are unknown. The aim of the present study was to compare oxidative stress biomarker response with an acute session of hypertrophy-resistance circuit training and traditional interval training. A week after the 1 repetition maximum (1RM) test, 11 healthy and well-trained male participants completed hypertrophy-resistance acute sessions of traditional interval training (3 × 10 repetitions at 75% of the 1RM, with 90-second passive rest) and circuit training (3 × 10 repetitions at 75% of the 1RM, in alternating performance of 2 exercises with different muscle groups) in a randomized and cross-over design. Venous blood samples were collected before (pre) and 10 minutes after (post) the resistance training sessions for oxidative stress biomarker assays. As expected, the time used to complete the circuit training (20.2 ± 1.6) was half of that needed to complete the traditional interval training (40.3 ± 1.8). Significant increases (p < 0.05) in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (40%), creatine kinase (CK) (67%), glutathione (14%), and uric acid (25%) were detected posttraditional interval training session in relation to pre. In relation to circuit training, a significant increase in CK (33%) activity postsession in relation to pre was observed. Statistical analysis did not reveal any other change in the oxidative stress biomarker after circuit training. In conclusion, circuit resistance-hypertrophy training scheme proposed in the current study promoted lower oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidant modulations compared with resistance traditional interval training.

Caracterização da esteatose hepática não alcoólica induzida por dieta hipoprotéica em ratos / Characterization of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in rats for low protein diet induced

Modelo de estudo: Estudo experimental. Objetivos: este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar e caracterizar a dieta hipoprotéica como um modelo experimental para estudo de EHNA. Métodos: foram utilizados ratos da linhagem Wistar divididos em dois grupos com dietas isocalóricas: controle (GC) no qual a dieta utilizada seguiu o preconizado pela AIN-93 e hipoprotéico (GH) com quantidade de proteína reduzida de 20% para 10%. As dietas e água foram ofertadas ad libitum por quatro semanas. Após esse período, os animais foram sacrificados e analisados: glicemia; nitrogênio urinário; proteína sérica; gordura hepática; colesterol; variação de peso e quantidade de ração consumida. Resultados: glicemia e nitrogênio urinário não apresentaram diferenças significativas entre GC e GH (p>0,05), a variação de peso no último dia do experimento foi significativa (p<0,02). A porcentagem de gordura hepática foi estatisticamente maior no GH, quando comparado ao GC (p<0,04). Foram menores o nível de colesterol (p<0,01) e proteína sérica (p<0,005) no GH. A quantidade de dieta consumida não foi diferente entre os grupos, considerando-se as médias de ingestão semanal. Conclusões: neste trabalho a dieta hipoprotéica constitui um modelo de indução de EHNA que pode ser caracterizada pela diminuição da proteína sérica e do colesterol plasmático e aumento da gordura hepática, entretanto não ocorreram alterações na glicemia sugerindo que não existiu mudança na sensibilidade à insulina, constituindo assim um modelo falho para estudar um dos principais fatores de risco para o estabelecimento da EHNA, a resistência à insulina.

Model of study: Experimental study. Objectives: this study had as objective evaluate and characterize a low protein diet as an experimental model for non alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD). Methods: male Wistar rats were divided in two groups with isocaloric diets: control (GC) in which the used diet followed praised for the AIN-93 and the low protein (GH), with reduced amount of protein of 20% for 10%. The diets and water had been offered ad libitum over four weeks. After this period the animals were sacrificed and analyzed: glycemia; urinary nitrogen; serum protein; liver total lipids; cholesterol; weight variation and food consumed. Results: the glycemia and the urinary nitrogen had not presented significant differences between GC and GH (p>0,05). The change of weight in the last day of the experiment was significant (p<0,02). The percentage of total liver lipids was higher in the GH, when compared with the GC (p<0,04). There was lower levels of cholesterol (p<0,01) and serum protein (0,005) in GH. The food consumed was not different between the groups. Conclusions: in this paper the low protein diet constitutes a model of NAFLD induction that can be characterized for serum protein and plasmatic cholesterol and increased fat in the liver, however not alterations in the glycemia suggest no changes in insulin sensitivity, thus constituting a defective model to study one of the main factors of risk for the establishment of the NAFLD, the resistance to insulin.