Research on the regulation of food therapy prescription of Traditional Chinese medicine in treating children′s stagnation based on data mining / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:Data mining technology was used to analyze the regulation of food therapy prescriptions in treating children′s stagnation.Methods:Collect the therapy prescriptions used for regulating children's stagnation in the Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescriptions, the Complete Record of Dietary Therapy Prescriptions of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the Dictionary of Chinese Medicinal Diet, extract the information of prescription name, composition, etc, and use SPSS 22.0 for frequency analysis, and use Weka for correlation analysis. Results:A total of 99 dietary prescriptions for children with hysteria were included, involving a total of 62 foods, with a total use frequency of 224 times, among which the food with high use frequency were chicken gizzard, japonica rice, hawthorn, etc. The four characteristics of food were mainly concentrated in the flat, the five tastes were mainly concentrated in the sweet, the return channel was mainly concentrated in the spleen and stomach channel, and the effect was mainly concentrated in the absorption of food and tonic deficiency. The main symptoms of the therapeutic prescription for children's accumulation of stagnation were internal accumulation of milk and food and combination of spleen deficiency. The commonly used food combination for children's accumulation of stagnation of milk and food was "fructus amomi - chicken gizzard". The commonly used food combination of children with spleen deficiency and accumulation of stagnation was "lentil bean-yam-japonica rice" and "millet-yam".Conclusions:Traditional Chinese medicine diet prescription for the treatment of children's accumulation of stagnation pay attention to harmony and regulation, sweet and slow tonifying, emphasizing the adjustment of the spleen and stomach, taking into account the regulation of lung, following the "eliminating and supplementing both, according to the cause of treatment" rule, advocate syndrome differentiation of food.

Efficacy and safety of Omalizumab for the treatment of pediatric allergic asthma: a retrospective multicenter real-world study in China / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To assess the clinical effectiveness and safety of Omalizumab for treating pediatric allergic asthma in real world in China.Methods:The clinical data of children aged 6 to 11 years with allergic asthma who received Omalizumab treatment in 17 hospitals in China between July 6, 2018 and September 30, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.Such information as the demographic characteristics, allergic history, family history, total immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels, specific IgE levels, skin prick test, exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) levels, eosinophil (EOS) counts, and comorbidities at baseline were collected.Descriptive analysis of the Omalizumab treatment mode was made, and the difference in the first dose, injection frequency and course of treatment between the Omalizumab treatment mode and the mode recommended in the instruction was investigated.Global Evaluation of Treatment Effectiveness (GETE) analysis was made after Omalizumab treatment.The moderate-to-severe asthma exacerbation rate, inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) dose, lung functions were compared before and after Omalizumab treatment.Changes in the Childhood Asthma Control Test (C-ACT) and Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ) results from baseline to 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, and 52 weeks after Omalizumab treatment were studied.The commodity improvement was assessed.The adverse event (AE) and serious adverse event (SAE) were analyzed for the evaluation of Omalizumab treatment safety.The difference in the annual rate of moderate-to-severe asthma exacerbation and ICS reduction was investigated by using t test.The significance level was set to 0.05.Other parameters were all subject to descriptive analysis.A total of 200 allergic asthma patients were enrolled, including 75.5% ( n=151) males and 24.5% ( n=49) females.The patients aged (8.20±1.81) years. Results:The median total IgE level of the 200 patients was 513.5 (24.4-11 600.0) IU/mL.Their median treatment time with Omalizumab was 112 (1-666) days.Their first dose of Omalizumab was 300 (150-600) mg.Of the 200 cases, 114 cases (57.0%) followed the first Omalizumab dosage recommended in the instruction.After 4-6 months of Omalizumab treatment, 88.5% of the patients enrolled ( n=117) responded to Omalizumab.After 4 weeks of treatment with Omalizumab, asthma was well-controlled, with an increased C-ACT score [from (22.70±3.70) points to (18.90±3.74) points at baseline]. Four-six months after Omalizumab administration, the annual rate of moderate-to-severe asthma exacerbation had a reduction of (2.00±5.68) per patient year( t=4.702 5, P<0.001), the median ICS daily dose was lowered [0 (0-240) μg vs. 160 (50-4 000) μg at baseline] ( P<0.001), the PAQLQ score was improved [(154.90±8.57) points vs. (122.80±27.15) points at baseline], and the forced expiratory volume in one second % predicted (FEV 1%pred) was increased [(92.80±10.50)% vs. (89.70±18.17)% at baseline]. In patients with available evaluations for comorbidities, including allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis or eczema, urticaria, allergic conjunctivitis and sinusitis, 92.8%-100.0% showed improved symptoms.A total of 124 AE were reported in 58 (29.0%) of the 200 patients, and the annual incidence was 0(0-15.1) per patient year.In 53 patients who suffered AE, 44 patients (83.0%) and 9 patients (17.0%) reported mild and moderate AE, respectively.No severe AE were observed in patients.The annual incidence of SAE was 0(0-1.9) per patient year.Most common drug-related AE were abdominal pain (2 patients, 1.0%) and fever (2 patients, 1.0%). No patient withdrew Omalizumab due to AE. Conclusions:Omalizumab shows good effectiveness and safety for the treatment of asthma in children.It can reduce the moderate-to-severe asthma exacerbation rate, reduce the ICS dose, improve asthma control levels, and improve lung functions and quality of life of patients.

Expression of NMDA and oestrogen receptors by trigeminal ganglion neurons that innervate the rat temporalis muscle.

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor (NR) or oestrogen receptor (OR) expression plays a role in the differences that temporalis muscle afferent fibres are less sensitive to peripheral receptor activation than masseter muscle afferent fibres and do not exhibit sex-related differences in NMDA-evoked discharge. METHODS: Immunohistochemical techniques were used to examine the expression of NR1, 2A, and 2B subunits of the NMDA receptor in male and female rats and the co-expression of NR2B subunits with ORs in female rats by trigeminal ganglion neurons that innervate the temporalis muscle. In vivo electrophysiological recording methods were employed to assess the response of afferent fibres to injection of NMDA into the temporalis muscle in female rats. RESULTS: Approximately 20% of temporalis ganglion neurons expressed NR1, NR2A and NR2B subunits, respectively, and there was no sex-related difference in the expression of these subunits. In female rats, both ORα and ORß receptors were identified in the trigeminal ganglion by Western blot. ORs were found on the majority (~80%) of temporalis ganglion neurons that expressed NR2B subunits. A significant positive correlation between blood oestrogen concentration and NMDA-evoked afferent discharge was identified. CONCLUSION: The absence of sex-related differences in NMDA receptor expression may account for the lack of sex-related differences in NMDA-evoked temporalis afferent discharge. The association of elevated oestrogen concentration with increased afferent response to NMDA and the co-expression of NRs and ORs in temporalis ganglion neurons suggest that sensory input from the temporalis muscle may be modulated by oestrogenic tone.

The application of single-genome amplification and sequencing in genomic analysis of an attenuated EIAV vaccine / 病毒学报

Our previous studies found that the Chinese attenuated EIAV vaccine was composed of a pool of quasispecies, which showed a complicated diversity called "multi-species". Further determining the viral composition of these species in the vaccine should improve the identification of predominant viruses in the vaccine and facilitate the analysis of in vivo evolution of EIAV and the vaccine. In this study, the comparison of fidelities in amplifying and sequencing the V3 to V5 fragment of EIAV envelope gp90 gene by either a single-genome amplification (SGA) approach or the traditional RT-PCR (bulk PCR) was performed. Results revealed that the diversities were 1.84% and 1.88% for SGA- and bulk PCR-derived sequences, respectively. Futher analysis revealed that beside the sequences highly homologous to those derived by the bulk PCR, nine of 73 sequences derived by SGA contained a deduced amino acid domain that was identical to the corresponding domain in the virulent strain LN40. In addition, sequences with deletion of one predicted amino acid residual was detected by using SGA The presence of these less populated sequences provided additional evidence for the "multi-species" hypothesis for the action mechanism of the EIAV vaccine. Furthermore, based on the analysis of sampling bias, Our results that the difference in copy number of each viral specie in the pool of quasispecies resulted in the inefficiency to amplify viral sequences that were in low population by bulk PCR. Therefore, the sequences amplified by bulk PCR could not correctly represent the composition of quasispecies. As an approach based on the amplification and sequencing single isolated genome, SGA significantly improved the weakness of bulk PCR and appeared its advantage in analysis of EIAV genome composition with high variety.

Human nerve growth factor sensitizes masseter muscle nociceptors in female rats.

Injection of nerve growth factor (NGF) into the masseter muscle is not painful but does induce a localized, quick onset ( approximately 1h) and long-lasting mechanical sensitization in healthy human subjects. We tested the hypothesis that human NGF mechanically sensitizes masseter muscle nociceptors by increasing the sensitivity of peripheral N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Co-expression of the NR2B subunit of the NMDA receptor with P75 and TrkA NGF receptors by trigeminal ganglion neurons that innervate the masseter muscle was investigated immunohistochemically. Nociceptor activity was recorded extracellularly from the trigeminal ganglion of anaesthetized female rats. Nociceptor mechanical threshold was assessed before and every 30 min for 3h after injection of human NGF (25 microg/ml, 10 microl, n=12), and in subsequent experiments NGF with TrkA (n=12) or P75 (n=11) receptor antibodies. Glutamate (1M, 10 microl) was injected at the end of each experiment. Approximately 85% of NR2B positive masseter ganglion neurons co-expressed P75 or TrkA receptors, suggesting the potential for interaction. When compared with the vehicle control, it was found that injection of NGF into the masseter muscle did not evoke significant nociceptor discharge but did significantly reduce nociceptor mechanical threshold ( approximately 30%). There was no effect of NGF on glutamate-evoked nociceptor discharge or glutamate-induced mechanical sensitization. Additional experiments indicated that NGF-induced mechanical sensitization could be partially attenuated with TrkA receptor antibodies, but not P75 receptor antibodies. These findings indicate that human NGF-induced sensitization of masseter nociceptors results, in part, from the activation of TrkA receptors, but does not appear to be mediated through enhanced peripheral NMDA receptor activity.