ABSTRACT
Salicylic acid (SA) is an essential phytoregulator that is widely used to promote the synthesis of high-value nutraceuticals in plants. However, its application in daylily, an ornamental plant highly valued in traditional Chinese medicine, has not been reported. Herein, we investigated the exogenous SA-induced physiological, transcriptional and biochemical changes in long yellow daylily (LYD). We found that 2 mg/L foliar SA treatment significantly improved LYD plant growth and yield. Transcriptome sequencing and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis revealed that the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis, sulfur metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction and tyrosine metabolism were significantly induced in SA-treated leaves. Many transcription factors and antioxidant system-related DEGs were induced under the SA treatment. Biochemical analyses showed that the leaf contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein (Cpr), ascorbic acid (AsA) and colchicine were significantly increased by 15.15% (from 30.16â ±â 1.301 to 34.73â ±â 0.861 mg/g), 19.54% (from 60.3â ±â 2.227 to 72.08â ±â 1.617 mg/g), 30.45% (from 190.1â ±â 4.56 to 247.98â ±â 11.652 µg/g) and 73.05% (from 3.08â ±â 0.157 to 5.33â ±â 0.462 µg/g), respectively, under the SA treatment. Furthermore, we identified 15 potential candidate genes for enhancing the growth, production and phytochemical content of LYD. Our results provide support for the bioaccumulation of colchicine in yellow daylily and valuable resources for biotechnological-assisted production of this important nutraceutical in Hemerocallis spp.
ABSTRACT
Pepper, as a vegetable crop with a wide cultivation area worldwide, besides being a significant condiment and food, also has a momentous use for chemistry, medicine, and other industries. Pepper fruits are rich in various pigments, such as chlorophyll, carotenoids, anthocyanins, and capsanthin, which have important healthcare and economic value. Since various pigments are continuously metabolized during the development of pepper fruits, peppers exhibit an abundant fruit-colored phenotype in both the mature and immature periods. In recent years, great progress has been made in the study of pepper fruit color development, but the developmental mechanisms are still unclear systematically dissected in terms of pigment, biosynthesis, and regulatory genes. The article outlines the biosynthetic pathways of three important pigments: chlorophyll, anthocyanin, and carotenoid in pepper and the various enzymes involved in these pathways. The genetics and molecular regulation mechanisms of different fruit colors in immature and mature peppers were also systematically described. The objective of this review is to provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of pigments biosynthesis in pepper. This information will provide theoretical basis for the breeding of high-quality colored pepper varieties in the future.
ABSTRACT
Zingiber mioga (Thunb.) Rosc. is an important plant species in tropical Asia widely used for decoration, and in traditional food and medicine. In this study, we reported for the first time the complete chloroplast genome sequence of Z. mioga. The assembled chloroplast genome was 159,868 bp long with a typical quadripartite structure consisting of two reverse repeated regions of 26,652 bp in length, separated by a large single-copy (89,431 bp) and a small single-copy (17,133 bp) region. We annotated 113 genes including 78 protein-coding, 31 tRNA and 4 rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis with 27 other species showed that Z. mioga clustered with Z. officinale and Z. spectabile, all belonging to the Zingiberaceae family of the Zingiberales order. The results of this study will facilitate the breeding process and conservation of the species.
ABSTRACT
Molecular changes elicited by common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in response to Fusarium oxysproum f. sp. Phaseoli (FOP) remain elusive. We studied the changes in root metabolism during common bean-FOP interactions using a combined de novo transcriptome and metabolome approach. Our results demonstrated alterations of transcript levels and metabolite concentrations in common bean roots 24 h post infection as compared to control. The transcriptome and metabolome responses in common bean roots revealed significant changes in structural defense i.e., cell-wall loosening and weakening characterized by hyper accumulation of cell-wall loosening and degradation related transcripts. The levels of pathogenesis related genes were significantly higher upon FOP inoculation. Interestingly, we found the involvement of glycosylphosphatidylinositol- anchored proteins (GPI-APs) in signal transduction in response to FOP infection. Our results confirmed that hormones have strong role in signaling pathways i.e., salicylic acid, jasmonate, and ethylene pathways. FOP induced energy metabolism and nitrogen mobilization in infected common bean roots as compared to control. Importantly, the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway was the most significantly enriched pathway in response to FOP infection as revealed by the combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis. Overall, the observed modulations in the transcriptome and metabolome flux as outcome of several orchestrated molecular events are determinant of host's role in common bean-FOP interactions.
