ABSTRACT
In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of Hyphessobrycon herbertaxelrodi is presented, and we also discussed its mitochondrial characteristics. The full length of the mitochondrial genome was 17,417 bp, including 13 protein coding genes (PCGs), 2 ribosomal RNAs (12S and 16S), 22 transfer RNA genes, 1 non-coding control region (D-loop), and 1 origin of replication on the light-strand. The total nucleotide composition of mitochondrial DNA was 29.76%A, 29.88%T, 25.35%C, 15.01%G, and AT was 59.64%. The phylogenetic tree suggested that H. herbertaxelrodi shared the most recent common ancestor with Astyanax giton, Grundulus bogotensis, Astyanax paranae, and Oligosarcus argenteus.
ABSTRACT
The Dotted Gizzard Shad (Konosirus punctatus) was one of the most important commercial fish species in China, Japan and Korea. In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of K. punctatus was presented. The full length of the mitochondrial genome was 16,705 bp, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNAs, 22 transfer RNA genes, one non-coding control region (CR) and one origin of replication on the light-strand. The total nucleotide composition of mitochondrial DNA was 25.79%A, 25.09%T, 29.05%C, 20.08%G, and AT was 50.88%. The mitochondrial genome provides an important resource for solving taxonomic problems and studying molecular evolution.
ABSTRACT
Complete mitochondrial genome of the characiform fish Hemigrammus bleheri was characterized in the present study. The whole mitogenome was 17,021 bp in size and consisted of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNAs, 2 rRNAs genes, a control region, and origin of light-strand replication. The proportion of coding sequences with a total length of 11,415 bp is 67.06%, which encodes 3805 amino acids. Similar to other Hemigrammus species, the base composition of H. bleheri was 29.30% for A, 25.26% for C, 16.36% for G, and 29.08% for T. All PCGs started with Met. ND1, ND3, ND4L, ND6, and CytB ended with TAA as the stop codon. ND2, ATP8, and ND5 ended with TAG as a stop codon, CO2, ATP6, CO3, and ND4 ended simply by T, and CO1 ended by a single AGG. The lengths of 12S ribosomal RNA and 16S ribosomal RNA were 924 bp and 1681 bp, respectively. The length of control region (D-loop) was 1308 bp, ranging from 15,714 to 17,021 bp. The complete mitochondrial genome sequence provided here would be helpful in further understanding the evolution of characiformes and conservation genetics of H. bleheri.
ABSTRACT
The complete mitochondrial genome of this species was first determined in this study, which is 16,617 bp in length, containing 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, a putative control region, and 1 origin of replication on the light-strand. The overall base composition includes C(27.11%), A(26.68%), T(29.15%), G(17.04%) and three degenerate bases are R, R and S. Moreover, the 13 PCGs encode 3800 amino acids in total, 12 of which use the initiation codon ATG except COI that uses GTG. Most of them have TAA as the stop codon, whereas ND5 ends with AGA, four protein-coding genes (ND1, ND2, ND3 and Cytb) ended with TAG, and two protein-coding genes (COII and ND4) ended with the incomplete stop codon represented as a single T. The phylogenetic tree based on the Neighbor Joining method was constructed to provide relationship within Cyprinodontidae, which could be a useful basis for management of this species.
ABSTRACT
To investigate changes in transcript and relative protein levels in response to salicylic acid regulation of the thermotolerance in U. prolifera, complementary transcriptome and proteome analyses were performed with U. prolifera grown at 35 °C (UpHT) and with the addition of SA at high temperature (UpSHT). At mRNA level,12,296 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained from the comparison of UpSHT with UpHT. iTRAQ-labeling proteome analysis showed that a total of 4,449 proteins were identified and reliably quantified. At mRNA level, the up-regulated genes involved in antioxidant activity were thioredoxin,peroxiredoxin,FeSOD, glutathione peroxidase, partion catalase and MnSOD. The down-regulated genes were ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, catalase and MnSOD. In addition, the DEGs involved in plant signal transduction pathway (such as auxin response factors, BRI1 and JAZ) were down-regulated. At protein level, the up-regulated proteins involved in carbon fixation and the down-regulated protein mainly were polyubiquitin, ascorbate peroxidase. The expression of Ca2+-binding protein, heat shock protein and photosynthesis-related proteins, EDS1 were also significantly regulated both at mRNA and protein level. The results indicated that SA alleviated the high-temperature stimulus through partion antioxidant related proteins up-regulated, JA signal pathway enchanced, Ca2+-binding proteins, photosynthesis-related proteins significantly changed, antioxidant enzyme activities increased and photosynthesis index changed.
