[Characteristics of the action of cisplatin and cycloplatam on the rat kidney]. / Osobennosti deistviia tsisplatina i tsikloplatama na pochku krysi.

On the 5th day after intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin the rats developed renal insufficiency. The concentration of creatinine and urea in blood serum increased 9-fold, the glomerular filtration rate decreased 7.7-fold, the weight of kidney increased by 44%. The content of tissue sodium was found to increase, while that of K to decrease. The intraperitoneal injections of cycloplatam (up to 25 mg/kg) induced in rats no renal insufficiency, the kidney weight and the ion and water content in the tissue did not change. In the experiments with cisplatin the Pt level in kidney reached 59.1 +/- 3.05 micrograms/g dry substance, after the injection of cycloplatam 25 mg/kg it was 104.9 +/- 2.95. No nephrotoxic action of cycloplatam may be due to the presence in the molecule of the cyclopentyl substitute.

[Protein level and Na,K-ATPase activity of rat kidney tissues following cis-platin administration]. / Soderzhanie belka i aktivnost' Na,K-ATFazy v tkaniakh pochki krys pri deistvii tsis-platiny.

Concentrations of protein and electrolytes as well as activity of Na,K-ATPase were studied in renal tissue of rats within 5 days after cisplatinum administration (5 mg/kg of body mass, intraperitoneally). There were a significant reduction in the ATPase activity and an increase in water content and sodium concentration in renal cortex tissue, while K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ were unaltered. At the same time, concentration of electrolytes did not shift in blood serum and muscle tissue. After intraperitoneal administration of choline chloride at a dose of 290 mg/kg of body mass within 40 min before the cisplatinum treatment less distinct alterations were observed in the urea content and in the Na,K-ATPase activity.

[Characteristics of the disorder in the composition of the internal medium and kidney function of vertebrate animals after cisplatin administration]. / Osobennosti narusheniia sostava vnutrennei sredy i funktsii pochki u nekotorykh pozvonochnykh zhivotnykh posle vvedeniia tsis-platiny.

In rats, 5 days after injection of cisplatin (5 mg/kg of body weight) the urea content of the blood serum significantly increased; in pigeons, elevation of the uric acid was observed. No significant changes were found in the blood serum of the frog Rana temporaria even after injection of 40 mg/kg of cisplatin. In the black sculpin Myoxocephalus scorpius, injections of 50 mg/kg of cisplatin resulted in hypermagnesemia. Swelling of the kidney and changes in its electrolyte content were observed in rats, pigeons, and frogs, the wet weight of the kidney increased in rats and pigeons. In all the animals, accumulation of platinum in the kidney was observed, its content being dependent on the injected dose. The data obtained reveal lower sensitivity of the kidney in cold blood vertebrates to toxic effect of cisplatin and demonstrate that the pattern of disturbances in composition of the blood serum is related to the extent of the excretory function of the kidney within the species.

[Morphofunctional correlates of the nephrotoxic action of cis-platin]. / Morfofunktsional'nye korreliaty nefrotoksicheskogo deistviia tsis-platiny.

A single injection of 5 mg/kg cisplatin causes (in 2 days) focal changes in rat renal parenchyma. These changes correlate well with the decrease in glomerular filtration rate, increase in blood urea concentration, decrease in water load excretion. Cellular dystrophy was found in the convoluted and straight proximal renal tubules, in line with a marked thickening of basal membrane in damaged cells, that appears to account for the impairment of paraaminohippurate secretion, the increase of kidney mass and its swelling. On day 5 after injection the renal parenchyma exhibited signs of reparation, while renal function was abnormal.

[Pharmacological blockade of the nephrotoxicity of cisplatin in rats]. / Farmokologicheskaia blokada nefrotoksichnosti tsis-platiny u krys.

Cisplatin injection (0.5 mg/100 g body weight) induced 5 days later an increase in serum urea concentration from 3.31 +/- 0.67 to 47.1 +/- 8.68 mg/ml and diuresis decrease following water loading test. Ethacrynic acid, furosemide, paraaminohippurate pre-injections prevented cisplatin nephrotoxicity. The decrease in cisplatin nephrotoxicity took place when furosemide was administered before or 3 h after cisplatin injection; 6 h after cisplatin injection furosemide was not effective. The results suggest that pharmacological blockade of cisplatin nephrotoxicity depends on the drug penetration into secreting cells of proximal tubules.

[Adenosine triphosphatase activity in the osmoregulatory organs of vertebrates]. / Aktivnost' adenozintrifosfataz v osmoreguliruiushchikh organakh pozvonochnykh.

Studies have been made on the activity of cation- and anion-stimulated ATPases, as well as succinic dehydrogenase in homogenates and subcellular fractions from osmoregulatory organs of marine (elasmobranch and teleost) and freshwater (teleost) fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. The activity of Na+, K+-ATPase was found to be rather similar in almost all osmoregulatory organs of the species investigated. The highest level of Cl-stimulated ATPase was found in microsomal fraction of the kidneys from birds and mammals. Succinic dehydrogenase activity is significantly higher in the renal tissue of mammals, both in total homogenates and in mitochondrial fraction.

[Inhibition of Na+, K+-ATPase activity by sodium channel blockers]. / Ugnetenie aktivnosti Na+, K+-ATFazy blokatorami natrievykh kanalov.

Blocking agent of sodium channels in membranes of epithelial cells amiloride and triamterene as well as tetrodotoxin, which blocked sodium channels in electroexcitable membranes, were found to be effective inhibitors of Na, K-ATPase. A similarity between sodium sites of sodium channels and that of Na, K-ATPase is considered.