ABSTRACT
A sample of 74 male bodybuilders was analyzed for relationships between steroid abuse (abuse n=31; no abuse n=43) and self-esteem (Multidimensionale Selbstwertskala MSWS), body-image (Body-Image Questionnaire FK-ASA) as well as teasing (Physical Appearance Related Teasing Scale PARTS). In a logistic regression analysis age (p=0.001), low values for body expression (p=0.036) and high self-esteem (p=0.024) predicted steroid intake; training frequency or teasing experiences showed no effect. Contrary to earlier findings high and not low self-esteem was associated with steroid abuse. Because of the overlap between constructs narcissism and self-esteem further studies should disentangle the role of narcissism and self-esteem for steroid abuse in bodybuilders.
Subject(s)
Steroids/adverse effects , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Weight Lifting , Adult , Body Image , Humans , Logistic Models , Male , Middle Aged , Narcissism , Psychometrics , Self Concept , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
A new questionnaire to assess body dissatisfaction and shame, body boundary and body expression is presented. Scales BOUNDARY AND BODY PSYCHOTICISM, BODY EXPRESSION and BODY DISSATISFACTION AND SHAME were developed deductively. The first version was given to a sample of 134 nurse students and 512 psychotherapeutic inpatients. An item and factor analysis was conducted in the total sample. A 3-factor solution was found in a confirmatory factorial analysis (39% variance explained). The final version of the questionnaire consists of 46 items. The scales showed a satisfactory or good reliability and validity. To test criterion validity SCL-90-R and the body image questionnaire (FKB-20) were used. All SCL-90-R subscales were highly correlated with body dissatisfaction and shame (KUS) (r>0.5). BODY BOUNDARY AND PSYCHOTICISM scale (AKP) was correlated with SCL-90-R scales psychoticism (r=0.56), interpersonal sensitivity (r=.55) and anxiety (r=0.51). BODY DISSATISFACTION AND SHAME scale (KUS) was also correlated (r=0.77) with scale REJECTION OF THE BODY of FKB-20. First results of the Questionnaire of physical aspects of boundary, shame and expression (FK-ASA) suggest that the scales describe the postulated aspects of body image.
Subject(s)
Body Image , Self Concept , Shame , Surveys and Questionnaires , Adult , Anxiety/diagnosis , Anxiety/psychology , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Female , Humans , Male , Mental Disorders/diagnosis , Mental Disorders/psychology , Middle Aged , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prognostic relevance of the axis "structure" of operationalized psychodynamic diagnostics (OPD) with respect to the symptom-related and interpersonal outcome of inpatient psychotherapy by applying group comparisons as well as individual criteria. METHODS: The structural level of 102 psychiatric inpatients was related to the general and dissociative psychopathology (SCL-90; FDS-20) as well as interpersonal problems (IIP) at the beginning and at the end of inpatient treatment. RESULTS: There was a tendency toward an association between the structural level and psychopathological improvement. However, we did not find any clear relationship between structure and interpersonal difficulties either at the beginning or during the course of the treatment. The structural dimensions did not correlate with the reduction of psychopathology or interpersonal problems. From the patients perspective, however, overall personality structure, defence and object perception were important predictors for therapy success. CONCLUSIONS: In correspondence with other studies our findings suggest that consistent predictions on therapy outcome in regards to psychopathology and interpersonal problems are not possible on the basis of the axis "structure". The possible implications for a differential therapy indication are discussed.
Subject(s)
Dissociative Disorders/therapy , Interpersonal Relations , Mental Disorders/therapy , Patient Admission , Personality Disorders/therapy , Psychoanalytic Theory , Psychoanalytic Therapy , Psychotherapy, Group , Adult , Combined Modality Therapy , Defense Mechanisms , Dissociative Disorders/diagnosis , Dissociative Disorders/psychology , Female , Germany , Hospitals, University , Humans , Male , Mental Disorders/diagnosis , Mental Disorders/psychology , Middle Aged , Object Attachment , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care , Personality Assessment , Personality Disorders/diagnosis , Personality Disorders/psychology , Prognosis , Psychiatric Department, HospitalABSTRACT
To assess the relationship between the axis IV (structure) of the Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnostics (OPD) and sociodemographic, clinical and psychopathological features, we rated the structural level of 156 psychiatric inpatients, which was related to sociodemographic variables, to clinical diagnoses (particularly to personality and substance use disorders), to suicidal ideation and self-injurious behavior (SIB) as well as to the psychopathological impairment at admission (measured by the SCL-90). We found significant associations among the structural level on the one hand and the marital status, the professional group, a comorbid personality disorder, suicidal ideation and SIB on the other hand. There were no associations with the sex, the age, the school education, the occupational situation or the SCL-90 findings. Our results replicate and extend previous findings. For every-day routine, it is possible to derive a preliminary judgement of the structural level by means of the marital status, the professional group, a comorbid personality disorder, suicidal ideation and SIB.
Subject(s)
Mental Disorders/diagnosis , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Mental Disorders/classification , Mental Disorders/psychology , Middle Aged , Personality , Self-Injurious Behavior/psychology , Socioeconomic Factors , Substance-Related Disorders/psychology , Suicide/psychologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: As part of the concurrent validity, we aimed to empirically study the association between the axis IV (structure) of the Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnostics (OPD) and corresponding constructs, which were assessed byself-report measures. METHODS: The structural level of 132 psychiatric inpatients was related to the findings of the Borderline-Personality-Inventary (BPI) and the Toronto-Alexithymia-Scale (TAS-20). RESULTS: Analyses of variances indicated that patients with a good structural level scored lower on the BPI and its subscales than those with a low level. However, posthoc comparisons revealed that significant differences were only found between the good and the moderate or the low level respectively. There was no association between the structure and alexithymia. CONCLUSIONS: Despite some methodological limitations our findings point at a satisfactory validity of the axis "structure" of the OPD. However, its limited ability to discriminate between patients with a moderate and a low level of structural integration needs further attention.
