ABSTRACT
Since Galveston County, Texas, is one of the high risk areas for the reintroduction of dengue, we have maintained an Aedes aegypti surveillance program since 1977 by using ovitraps to determine the density and distribution of this species in 17 communities. A. aegypti adults were present primarily from May thrugh November, with higher positive ovitrap rates associated with periods of low rainfall. Larvae collected from six different communities, when compared with a standard, insecticide-susceptible strain exhibited only 2 X greater tolerance to malathion and chlorpyrifos. Similar results were obtained with malathion susceptibility tests of adults. Ultra-low volume malathion treatments of caged A. aegypti in a residential city block yielded good kills in the proximal but not the distal half of the block. Ovitraps in a two square-block area, treated with single pellets of chlorpyrifos, were less frequently positive and contained a smaller average number of eggs per trap than untreated traps in the surrounding area.
Subject(s)
Aedes/microbiology , Dengue/prevention & control , Mosquito Control/methods , Animals , Chlorpyrifos , Female , Humans , Malathion , Male , Seasons , TexasSubject(s)
Anopheles , Hydrocarbons , Insecticides , Mosquito Control , Petroleum , Animals , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Insecticide Resistance , Larva , Malaria/prevention & control , Pupa , Time FactorsSubject(s)
Community Health Services , Delivery of Health Care , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Community Health Services/statistics & numerical data , Demography , Dental Care , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Female , Gastrointestinal Diseases , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Preventive Health Services , Respiratory Tract Diseases , Serologic Tests , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/diagnosis , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/therapy , Skin Diseases , Socioeconomic Factors , Texas , Wounds and InjuriesSubject(s)
Aedes , Culex , Hydrocarbons , Mosquito Control , Petroleum , Animals , Larva , Pupa , Time FactorsSubject(s)
Poisoning/epidemiology , Accidents , Adolescent , Adult , Aspirin/poisoning , Barbiturates/poisoning , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Hypnotics and Sedatives/poisoning , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Middle Aged , Texas , Time Factors , Tranquilizing Agents/poisoningSubject(s)
Neutrophils , Spider Bites/physiopathology , Venoms/pharmacology , Animals , Arteries/pathology , Complement System Proteins , Edema/physiopathology , Female , Guinea Pigs , Injections, Intradermal , Leukopenia/chemically induced , Male , Necrosis , Nitrogen Mustard Compounds/pharmacology , Rabbits , Veins/pathology , Zymosan/pharmacology , gamma-Globulins/pharmacologySubject(s)
Species Specificity , Spiders , Venoms/toxicity , Animals , Antigens/analysis , Immunodiffusion , Immunoelectrophoresis , Injections, Subcutaneous , Rabbits , Sex Factors , Venoms/analysisSubject(s)
Burns/mortality , Models, Theoretical , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aging , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Middle Aged , Probability , Prognosis , SexABSTRACT
As serious consideration is given to initiating malaria eradication programmes in tropical Africa, it becomes essential to be able to distinguish between the various species comprising the Anopheles gambiae complex. At the present time, A and B species cannot be separated by conventional taxonomic methods.The chromatographic method used in the thorough statistical study reported is capable of differentiating between species of the A. gambiae complex. Whereas 9 of the 10 strains studied could be distinguished from one another, 8 of the strains fell into three species-groups. The results indicate that by this technique it may be possible to discern subtle species relationships not yet established by conventional taxonomy.
Subject(s)
Anopheles/classification , Anopheles/analysis , ChromatographyABSTRACT
In the planning of malaria eradication programmes for Africa, it is necessary to be able to characterize and distinguish between various species of the Anopheles gambiae complex in order to proceed on a sound and economic basis. However, at present there are no reliable taxonomic methods for separating the sibling species which comprise Groups A and B.The study reported was undertaken to investigate the possibility of differentiating morphologically indistinguishable members of this complex on the basis of chromatographic patterns of fluorescing components obtained from extracts of adult mosquitos. The results indicate that this biochemical taxonomic method can be used to characterize and differentiate A. gambiae species that are indistinguishable by conventional taxonomy.
