Progress in the Diagnosis and Control of Ebola Disease.

Ebola hemorrhagic fever is one of numerous viral hemorrhagic fevers. It is a severe, often fatal disease in humans and nonhuman primates (gorillas and chimpanzees). This article discusses the history of Ebola disease, already known routes of infection together with defining prevention methods and treatment trials. The importance of increasing awareness of the risk of disease among people who do not inhabit endemic regions is emphasized. This risk is associated especially with the increasing popularity of tourism to African countries, even to those where the virus is endemic. The research conducted over the years shows that three species of frugivorous bats are subjected to contamination by Ebola, but the infection is asymptomatic in them. It is believed that the saliva of these mammals and other body fluids may be a potential source of infection for primates and humans. In the laboratory, infection through small-particle aerosols has been demonstrated in primates, and airborne spread among humans is strongly suspected, although it has not yet been conclusively demonstrated. The importance of this route of transmission remains unclear. Poor hygienic conditions can aid the spread of the virus. These observations suggest approaches to the study of routes of transmission to and among humans.

[Survival of Bacillus anthracis spores in baths using modern technologic tannery processes]. / Przezywalnosc przetrwalników Bacillus anthracis w kapielach nowoczesnych procesów technologicznych garbarstwa.

The influence of skin tannery baths, according as wet-blue, wet-white and plant technology, on B. anthracis spores survival was investigated. As a result of this study there was explained that lime bath do not inactivated of all spores that are present in infected bath. As a result of these experiments the spores were inactivated completely not before pickle bath.

[Experimental infections and colonization of porcine skin samples with B. anthracis]. / Doswiadczalne zakazanie i kolonizacja próbek skóry swinskiej przez B. anthracis.

In this study there was demonstrated the process of appearance and intensity of colonisation of the swine's skin samples by exposing them on agar plate cultures or immersed in liquid cultures of B. anthracis. The results of research were documented with photos of coloured histological preparations. As a result of the research there was demonstrated the possibility of infection and colonisation of skin consignment by B. anthracis from accidental located skin of died or killed animals because of anthrax. This colonisation may occur in the period 3 to 24 hours in optimal conditions. Anthrax bacteria are starting to penetrate and colonize the skin samples during 3 hours with exposing them from the hypodermic side; whereas penetration and colonisation from epidermis side appears after 24 hours. The results demonstrated that in natural conditions for optimal cultivation of B. anthracis there can be a possibility of infection and colonization of health parts of the skin's in storage skin for the longer period of time or longer transport.

[Gamma radiation resistance of Bacillus anthracis spores]. / Opornosc przetrwalników Bacillus anthracis na promieniowanie gamma.

The aim of the presented study was determined the effectiveness of action the gamma radiation on water suspension B. anthracis spores. The irradiation was performed using a Cobalt 60 (Co 60) source, by using single and fractionary irradiation doses. In the investigations was used B. anthracis stain "Sterne" 34F2. The obtained results show, that gamma radiation effectively inactivates B. anthracis spores. On the efficiency of sterilization process influence the irradiation's method and the number of spores in 1 ml suspension. In the suspension 1.5 x 10(9) spore in 1 ml, sporicidal doses gamma radiation amount to 25.0 kGy (single dose) or 41.5 kGy (fractionary dose). The volume suspension about definite inoculum of spores, subjected working the gamma rays has not influence on sporicidal effectiveness of radiation sterilization.