On the path to minimize plastic pollution: The perceived importance of education and knowledge dissemination strategies.

Environmental awareness and education have been recognized as tools to help mitigate environmental issues. This study, performed in Portugal, aimed to describe perceived factors building environmental awareness on plastic pollution, study how perceptions are influenced by sociodemographic characteristics, and identify perceived priority targets for intervention. Results showed that participants recognize society's important role to raise awareness and to develop mitigation strategies. Higher perception was reported by women and participants with a higher level of school education. The more educated participants consider individuals possessing expert knowledge as a more reliable information source, whereas older and less schooled participants trust more in media messaging. Participants acknowledge that environmental education should be included in school plans, particularly in the first nine years of education (students with ages between 6 and 14, approximately). Data support the idea that target specific dissemination strategies should be planned according to variables like age, gender and education level.

Clinical features, therapeutic requirements and evolution of patients with Crohn's disease and upper gastrointestinal involvement (CROHNEX study).

BACKGROUND: Crohn's disease (CD) with upper gastrointestinal involvement (UGI) may have a more aggressive and refractory course. However, evidence on this phenotype of patients is scarce. AIMS: To identify the clinical characteristics, therapeutic requirements and complications associated with UGI in CD METHODS: Nationwide study of cases (UGI, UGI plus ileal/ileocolonic involvement) paired with controls (ileal/ileocolonic involvement) from the ENEIDA registry. Cases were matched to 2 controls by year of diagnosis ± 2.5 years. Patients with exclusive/predominant colonic location or complex perianal fistula were excluded. RESULTS: Of 24 738 patients with CD in the ENEIDA registry, we identified 4058 with UGI (16% of the total CD cohort). Finally, 854 cases and 1708 controls were included. Cases were independently associated to extensive involvement (OR 2.7 [2.2-3.3], P < 0.0001), strictures [OR 1.8 (1.5-2.2), P < 0.0001], chronic iron deficiency anaemia [OR 2.2 (1.3-3.2), P < 0.001] and use of second-line biologics [OR 1.7 (1.1-2.6), P = 0.021]. The median stricture-free time was 14 years (95% CI, 12-16) for cases vs 21 years (95% CI, 19-23) for controls (P < 0.0001). Cases with isolated UGI compared to UGI plus ileal/ileocolonic more frequently had localised disease [OR 0.5(0.3-0.8), P = 0.003] and underwent more endoscopic stricture dilations [OR 2.7(1.3-5.4), P = 0.006]. CONCLUSIONS: The largest cohort of patients with CD and UGI provides information on the natural history of this particular phenotype. Increased awareness of the clinical picture and therapeutic requirements of these patients could lead to earlier diagnosis and treatment of upper gastrointestinal lesions, preventing the structural damage frequently seen in these patients at diagnosis and during follow-up.

Independence in Daily Activities after Stroke among Occupational Therapy Patients and Its Relationship with Unilateral Neglect.

More research is needed to better understand the impact of occupational therapy (OT) in stroke patients and syndromes of unilateral neglect (UN) and anosognosia. A prospective, observational, longitudinal design was conducted on a sample of 27 OT patients. The objectives were to examine: (1) the presence of UN and anosognosia; (2) the functional outcomes; and (3) the association of UN at baseline with functional status at discharge from OT. The outcomes were Barthel (functional independence) and the Rivermead Mobility Index (RMI). The baseline proportion of participants with UN was 33% according to the Star Cancellation Test (STC), and 48.1% according to the Catherine Bergego Scale (CBS) therapist-version. There was a significant difference between the therapist and participant-rated CBS scores (p = 0.004). Functional independence improved significantly between the initial and final assessments (p < 0.001); the effect size (r) was large (r = 0.61). There was a significant improvement in RMI scores (p < 0.001), which was large in size (r = 0.59). Both the STC and CBS-therapist scores were significantly correlated with the Barthel (p < 0.001, p = 0.005, respectively) and with the RMI (p = 0.004, p = 0.028, respectively). The participants substantially enhanced their functional status skills. UN and anosognosia were common problems, and neglect was associated with worse OT program outcomes.

Public views on plastic pollution: Knowledge, perceived impacts, and pro-environmental behaviours.

Nowadays, plastic pollution is considered an issue of global concern. This environmental problem results from human industrial and domestic activities, associated with poor management, from manufacturing processes to products' end life. In this perspective, human consumption and management of daily used plastic materials can play a determinant role to control this environmental issue. Thus, understanding public perceptions about plastic pollution may be a valuable resource to engage society in solutions to reduce its environmental release. In this study, perceptions about plastic pollution, its impacts as well as sociodemographic and psychological factors predicting individuals' pro-environmental behaviours were analysed, in the Portuguese context. Overall, results showed that there is a general knowledge that plastics degrade in the environment. The participants of the study perceived the bio-ecological impacts of plastics as a greater threat than the socioeconomic impacts. A hierarchical regression analyses revealed that sociodemographic variables and those related to knowledge and perceived impacts about plastic pollution can predict participants' pro-environmental behaviours. Awareness about the impacts of plastic pollution (socioeconomic, health impacts and bio-ecological impacts) were highly associated to pro-environmental behaviour. This study data can help to understand how to enhance pro-environmental behaviours and contribute to decrease the presence of micro(nano)plastics in the environment.

Degree of proximity in the construction of social representations: the case of intelligence.

The present article is devoted to the empirical endeavor of studying the effect of the degree of proximity, defined by specific socio-educational insertions, on the organization of social representations of intelligence. A questionnaire was answered by a sample of 752 participants belonging to five different social categories with different degrees of proximity and knowledge about intelligence: mothers, fathers, mother-teachers and non-parent students (psychology and science students). The questionnaire included different topics, namely concerning the concept of intelligence, its development and the effectiveness of teaching procedures. Results show that the principles organizing the contents of representations are linked to the personal involvement in intelligence, on which subjects more or less implied take different positions. Results produced suggest, therefore, that the content of representations is directly linked to the activation of social roles and the salience of the object, reflecting the functional character that the organization of representations has to specific social dynamics.

Degree of proximity in the construction of social representations: the case of intelligence

The present article is devoted to the empirical endeavor of studying the effect of the degree of proximity, defined by specific socio-educational insertions, on the organization of social representations of intelligence. A questionnaire was answered by a sample of 752 participants belonging to five different social categories with different degrees of proximity and knowledge about intelligence: mothers, fathers, mother-teachers and non-parent students (psychology and science students). The questionnaire included different topics, namely concerning the concept of intelligence, its development and the effectiveness of teaching procedures. Results show that the principles organizing the contents of representations are linked to the personal involvement in intelligence, on which subjects more or less implied take different positions. esults produced suggest, therefore, that the content of representations is directly linked to the activation of social roles and the salience of the object, reflecting the functional character that the organization of representations has to specific social dynamics (AU)

El presente artículo está dedicado a la tarea empírica de estudiar el efecto del grado de proximidad, definido por las inserciones socio-educativas específicas, en la organización de las representaciones sociales de la inteligencia. Un cuestionario fue respondido por una muestra de 752 participantes pertenecientes a cinco categorías sociales diferentes, con diferentes grados de proximidad y conocimiento sobre inteligencia: madres, padres, madre-profesoras y estudiantes sin hijos (estudiantes de psicología y de ciencias). En el cuestionario se incluyeron temas diferentes, principalmente en lo que respecta al concepto de inteligencia, su desarrollo y la eficacia de los procedimientos de enseñanza. Los resultados muestran que los principios que organizan los contenidos de las representaciones están vinculados a la participación personal en relación con la inteligencia, en la cual individuos más o menos relacionados adquieren diferentes roles. Por lo tanto, los resultados obtenidos sugieren que el contenido de las representaciones está directamente conectado con la activación de los roles sociales y la relevancia del objeto, reflejando el carácter funcional que la organización de las representaciones tiene para las dinámicas sociales específicas (AU)

A intervenção do enfermeiro especialista em Enfermegem de Reabilitação na promoção do auto-cuidado da pessoa em situação de AVC. Revisão Sistemática da Literatura / The intervention of the nurse specialist in Rehabilitation Nursing in the promotion of self-care of the person in a stroke situation. Systematic Review of Literature

Este relatório que surge no âmbito do Curso de Mestrado em Enfermagem de Reabilitação e da Unidade Curricular Estágio II e Relatório, pretende fazer uma análise e reflexão das competências adquiridas durante o ensino clínico, nos três contextos da prática profissional e aprofundar conhecimentos sobre a intervenção do Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem de Reabilitação, no âmbito da reeducação funcional motora e sensorial tendo em vista a promoção do auto-cuidado da pessoa em situação de AVC, em contexto hospitalar, através da revisão sistemática da literatura. Metodologia foi efectuada uma pesquisa na EBSCO (CINAHL Plus with Tx All Text). Foi feita a pesquisa artigos científicos publicados em Texto Integral (03/11/2011), publicados entre 2004/01/01 e 2011/11/01, usando as seguintes palavras-chave: Rehabilitation Nursing AND Self Care AND Stroke. Foi utilizado o método de PI[C]O e seleccionados 3 artigos de um total de 123. Após a revisão sistemática da literatura, constatamos que a intervenção do Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem de Reabilitação no âmbito de Reeducação funcional motora e sensorial promove o auto-cuidado da pessoa em situação de AVC em contexto hospitalar. O treino da condição física é fundamental na reabilitação do doente com AVC, pois aumenta a resistência corporal e melhora o estado funcional. Na nossa da prática relacionada com o estágio em contexto de neurologia não traumática, nomeadamente com pessoas em situação de AVC, verificamos pela sua evolução que a intervenção do Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem de Reabilitação ao nível da reeducação funcional motora e sensorial também promoveu o auto-cuidado. Os cuidados de Enfermagem de Reabilitação prestados, foram fundamentais para devolver ao doente a sua autonomia e optimização da capacidade funcional, promovendo comportamentos valorativos do processo de reabilitação fundamentais para a sua independência e consequente melhoria na sua qualidade de vida

This report comes under the Master`s Degree in Nursing and Rehabilitation Course and Unit of Post-Graduate Training II and Report. It aims at an analysis and reflection of the skills acquired during clinical training in the three contexts of professional practice and deepen knowledge about the intervention of the Nurse Specialist in Rehabilitation Nursing in the motor and sensory functional rehabilitation with a view to promoting self-care of patients in situations of stroke in the hospital, through the systematic literature review. Methodology - was carried out research in EBSCO (CINHAL plus with Tx All Text). The research was based in scientific articles published in full text (03/11/2011), published between 01/01/2004 and 01/11/2011, using the following keywords: Rehabilitation Nursing AND Self Care AND Stroke. We used the method of PI©O and selected 3 articles of a total of 123. After the systematic literature review, we found that the intervention of the Nurse Specialist in Rehabilitation Nursing in the context of functional motor and sensory reeducation promotes self-care of patients in situation of stroke in the hospital. The exercices of the physical condition is the key aspect in the rehabilitation of patients with stroke because in increases body strength and improves functional condition. In our practice related to the training in the context of non- traumatic neurological, including patients suffering from stroke, we found that its evolution by the intervention of the Nurse Specialist in Rehabilitation Nursing at the level of motor and sensory functional rehabilitation also promote self-care. The Rehabilitation Nursing care provided to these patients, were essential to optimize their autonomy and functional capacity, promoting behaviours of value of the rehabilitation process, for their independence and consequent improvement in their quality of life