A copper(ii) peptide helicate selectively cleaves DNA replication foci in mammalian cells.

The use of copper-based artificial nucleases as potential anticancer agents has been hampered by their poor selectivity in the oxidative DNA cleavage process. An alternative strategy to solve this problem is to design systems capable of selectively damaging noncanonical DNA structures that play crucial roles in the cell cycle. We designed an oligocationic CuII peptide helicate that selectively binds and cleaves DNA three-way junctions (3WJs) and induces oxidative DNA damage via a ROS-mediated pathway both in vitro and in cellulo, specifically at DNA replication foci of the cell nucleus, where this DNA structure is transiently generated. To our knowledge, this is the first example of a targeted chemical nuclease that can discriminate with high selectivity 3WJs from other forms of DNA both in vitro and in mammalian cells. Since the DNA replication process is deregulated in cancer cells, this approach may pave the way for the development of a new class of anticancer agents based on copper-based artificial nucleases.

Analysis of non-canonical three- and four-way DNA junctions.

The development of compounds that can selectively bind with non-canonical DNA structures has expanded in recent years. Junction DNA, including three-way junctions (3WJs) and four-way Holliday junctions (HJs), offer an intriguing target for developmental therapeutics as both 3WJs and HJs are involved in DNA replication and repair processes. However, there are a limited number of assays available for the analysis of junction DNA binding. Here, we describe the design and execution of multiplex fluorescent polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and microscale thermophoresis (MST) assays that enable evaluation of junction-binding compounds. Two well characterised junction-binding compounds-a C6 linked bis-acridine ligand and an iron(II)-bound peptide helicate, which recognise HJs and 3WJs, respectively-were employed as probes for both MST and PAGE experiments. The multiplex PAGE assay expands beyond previously reported fluorescent PAGE as it uses four individual fluorophores that can be combined to visualise single-strands, pseudo-duplexes, and junction DNA present during 3WJ and HJ formation. The use of MST to identify the binding affinity of junction binding agents is, to our knowledge, first reported example of this technique. The combined use of PAGE and MST provides complementary results for the visualisation of 3WJ and HJ formation and the direct binding affinity (Kd and EC50) of these agents. These assays can be used to aid the discovery and design of new therapeutics targeting non-canonical nucleic acid structures.

Retinal arterial occlusive vasculitis following IgA nephropathy: A case report.

PURPOSE: To discuss diagnosis and management in the case of a patient presenting with bilateral ischemic retinal vasculopathy associated with a previously undiagnosed IgA nephropathy. CASE REPORT: In 2021, a 35-year-old male presented with a sudden onset asymmetric bilateral (OU) visual loss. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/200 OD, and no light perception (NLP) OS with an associated relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD). Slit-lamp examination (SLE) confirmed normal anterior segment anatomy OU. Indirect ophthalmoscopy and subsequent fluorescein angiography (FA) confirmed the presence of bilateral arterial attenuation, telangiectatic lesions, associated perivascular sheathing, and capillary leakage. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed multiple areas of thinning of the inner retina. This constellation of diagnostic findings was highly suggestive of a bilateral ischemic retinal vasculopathy with an inflammatory vasculitis. Based on a high index of suspicion for a systemic etiology, nephrology was consulted, and a diagnosis of IgA nephropathy was confirmed by renal biopsy. Systemic immunomodulatory therapy was initiated. CONCLUSION: Although it is among the most commonly occurring forms of glomerulonephritis leading to renal failure, IgA nephropathy rarely presents with a bilateral retinal vasculopathy. Schölein - Henoch purpura, the other primary disease associated with glomerular IgA deposition, may be indistinguishable from primary IgA nephropathy. A comprehensive retinal examination with multimodal functional and structural ophthalmic diagnostic testing in conjunction with renal biopsy was needed to confirm the diagnosis. It is critical to include primary renal pathology when formulating a differential diagnosis for cases of bilateral retinal vasculitis, particularly in young otherwise healthy patients.

Intervención de enfermería para disminuir la ansiedad en el perioperatorio en cirugía cardiovascular / Nursing intervention to reduce anxiety in the perioperative period in cardiovascular surgery

Introducción: La adecuada intervención de enfermería puede mejorar los resultados posoperatorios, al disminuir la ansiedad. Objetivo: Desarrollar una intervención personalizada de enfermería para disminuir la ansiedad durante el preoperatorio de personas que requieren cirugía cardiovascular en el Centro de Investigaciones Médico Quirúrgicas. Métodos: Se hizo un estudio longitudinal y preexperimental, que incluyó a 88 personas que acudieron al Servicio de Cirugía Cardiovascular en el Centro de Investigaciones Médico Quirúrgicas desde marzo de 2019 hasta junio de 2020. Se aplicó el test Inventario de Ansiedad Rasgo-Estado para medir la ansiedad. Se realizó una intervención de enfermería personalizada. Los resultados iniciales y finales se compararon y se expresaron en números absolutos, porcentajes y media. Se aplicó la prueba de Chi cuadrado a las variables cualitativas y el test de Student para medias independientes a las variables cuantitativas. Resultados: Predominaron los hombres (57,9 por ciento) con edad media de 57,73 ± 11,9 años. Luego de la intervención de enfermería, se redujo la ansiedad en un 36,6 por ciento (p = 0,000). No se encontró asociación entre la ansiedad posintervención y la estadía, aunque sí se redujeron de forma significativa las complicaciones posoperatorias (p = 0,008). Conclusiones: La intervención de enfermería disminuyó la ansiedad y se asoció de forma significativa a menos complicaciones(AU)

Introduction: Adequate nursing intervention can improve postoperative outcomes by reducing anxiety. Objective: To develop a personalized nursing intervention to reduce anxiety during the preoperative period of people requiring cardiovascular surgery at the Medical and Surgical Research Center. Methods: A longitudinal and pre-experimental study was conducted, which included 88 people who attended the Cardiovascular Surgery Service at the Center for Medical and Surgical Research from March 2019 to June 2020. The Trait-State Anxiety Inventory test was applied to measure anxiety. A personalized nursing intervention was performed. Initial and final results were compared and expressed in absolute numbers, percentages and average. The Chi square test was applied to the qualitative variables and the Student test for independent means to the quantitative variables. Results: Men (57.9 percent) with a mean age of 57.73 ± 11.9 years predominated. After the nursing intervention, anxiety was reduced by 36.6 percent (p = 0.000). No association was found between post-intervention anxiety and stay, although postoperative complications were significantly reduced (p = 0.008). Conclusions: The nursing intervention decreased anxiety and was significantly associated with fewer complications(AU)

Intervención de enfermería durante el preoperatorio en cirugía cardiovascular / Nursing intervention during the pre-operative period in cardiovascular surgery

Introducción: La adecuada intervención de enfermería puede mejorar los resultados posoperatorios, el estrés y el conocimiento; y reducir las complicaciones. Objetivo: Exponer una intervención personalizada de enfermería para modificar los estados emocionales, y la capacidad de afrontamiento y adaptación durante el preoperatorio de cirugía cardiovascular en el Centro de Investigaciones Médico Quirúrgicas. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio longitudinal y preexperimental, que incluyó 88 personas que acudieron al Servicio de Cirugía Cardiovascular del Centro de Investigaciones Médico Quirúrgicas en un período de dos años. Se aplicaron los test Inventario de Ansiedad Rasgo-Estado y del Inventario de Depresión Rasgo-Estado, para medir la ansiedad y la depresión; así como el test ESCAPS (Instrumento de medición del proceso de afrontamiento y adaptación) y una entrevista semiestructurada que exploró conocimiento. Los resultados iniciales y finales se compararon, y se expresaron en números absolutos, porcentajes y media. Se aplicó la prueba de Chi cuadrado a las variables cualitativas y el test de Student para medias independientes a las variables cuantitativas, con un intervalo de confianza del 95 por ciento. Resultados: Predominaron los hombres (57,9 por ciento) con edad media de 57,73 ± 11,9 años. Luego de la intervención se redujeron la ansiedad en un 36,6 por ciento (p < 0,001) y la depresión en un 72,7 por ciento (p = 0). Aumentaron el conocimiento (76,1 por ciento; p = 0,037) y la capacidad de afrontamiento y adaptación (0,11 puntos). Solo se encontró asociación entre la ansiedad y la depresión con las complicaciones (p = 0,008 y p < 0,001 de forma respectiva). Conclusiones: La intervención de enfermería modificó de manera positiva la ansiedad y la depresión, al optimizar la capacidad de afrontamiento y adaptación(AU)

Introduction: Adequate nursing intervention can improve post-operative outcomes, stress and knowledge; and reduce complications. Objective: Present a personalized nursing intervention in the pre-operative period of cardiovascular surgery at the Center for Medical and Surgical Research. Methods: A longitudinal and pre-experimental study was conducted, which included 88 people who attended the Cardiovascular Surgery Service of the Center for Medical and Surgical Research in a period of two years. The Trait-State Anxiety Inventory and Trait-State Depression Inventory tests were applied to measure anxiety and depression; as well as the ESCAPS test (Instrument for measuring the coping and adaptation process) and a semi-structured interview that explored knowledge. A personalized nursing intervention was performed. The initial and final results were compared, and expressed in absolute numbers, percentages and average. The Chi-square test was applied to the qualitative variables and the Student test for independent means to the quantitative variables, with a 95 percent confidence interval. Results: Men (57.9 percent) with a mean age of 57.73 ± 11.9 years predominated. After the intervention, anxiety was reduced by 36.6 percent (p < 0.001) and depression by 72.7 percent (p = 0). Knowledge increased (76.1 percent; p = 0.037) and coping and adaptive capacity (0.11 points). Only an association was found between anxiety and depression with complications (p = 0.008 and p < 0.001 respectively). Conclusions: Nursing intervention positively modified anxiety and depression by optimizing coping and adaptation capacity(AU)

Reestenosis de stents liberadores de paclitaxel frente a stents convencionales

RESUMEN Introducción: La reestenosis de los stents liberadores de paclitaxel utilizados en Cuba no ha sido estudiada. Objetivo: Evaluar la reestenosis de los stents liberadores de paclitaxel y los convencionales. Métodos: Se incluyeron 64 pacientes con reestenosis de stent, de un estudio prospectivo previo; en 318 pacientes seguidos por 3 años luego de intervención coronaria percutánea; 25 con stent liberador de paclitaxel y 39 stent metálico convencional. Se consideró reestenosis como nueva lesión ≥ 50 % de la luz del vaso con isquemia demostrada. Se describió el tiempo de aparición, patrón angiográfico y alternativa de revascularización. Resultados: La reestenosis en el grupo de stents liberadores de paclitaxel fue 15,7 % con tiempo medio de supervivencia sin reestenosis de 32,4 meses vs. 24,5 % en stents convencionales, con supervivencia sin reestenosis de 29,8 meses, (p= 0,047). En el grupo de stents liberadores de paclitaxel predominó el patrón IB, (30,3 %) y stent convencional el III (28,3 %). En el 28,0 % del grupo de stents liberadores de paclitaxel, se recurrió a la cirugía de revascularización vs. 5,1 % en el grupo de stent convencional. Conclusiones: El stent liberador de paclitaxel logra una supervivencia libre de reestenosis superior y más perdurable que el stent convencional. La reestenosis en los de stents liberadores de paclitaxel es focal, con mayor frecuencia de nueva revascularización por cirugía y en los stents convencionales es mayormente difusa.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The restenosis of the paclitaxel-eluting stents used in Cuba has not been studied. Objective: To evaluate the restenosis of paclitaxel-eluting stents and conventional stents. Methods: 64 patients with stent restenosis were included, from a previous prospective study; in 318 patients followed up for 3 years after percutaneous coronary intervention; 25 with a paclitaxel-eluting stent and 39 conventional metal stent. Restenosis was considered as a new lesion ≥ 50 % of the vessel lumen with proven ischemia. The time to onset, angiographic pattern and alternative revascularization were described. Results: Restenosis in the group with paclitaxel-eluting stents was 15.7 % with a mean survival time without restenosis of 32.4 months vs. 24.5 % in conventional stents, with restenosis-free survival of 29.8 months, (p = 0.047). In the group with paclitaxel-eluting stents, the IB pattern predominated (30.3 %) and the conventional stent III (28.3 %). In 28.0 % of the paclitaxel-eluting stent group, revascularization surgery was used vs. 5.1 % in the conventional stent group. Conclusions: The paclitaxel-eluting stent achieves a superior and more durable restenosis-free survival than the conventional stent. Restenosis in paclitaxel-eluting stents is focal, with a higher frequency of revascularization by surgery, and in conventional stents it is mostly diffuse.

Design and immunogenicity of a Pan-SARS-CoV-2 synthetic DNA vaccine

Here we have employed SynCon(R) design technology to construct a DNA vaccine expressing a pan-Spike immunogen (INO-4802) to induce broad immunity across SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC). Compared to WT and VOC-matched vaccines which showed reduced cross-neutralizing activity, INO-4802 induced potent neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses against WT as well as B.1.1.7, P.1, and B.1.351 VOCs in a murine model. In addition, a hamster challenge model demonstrated that INO-4802 conferred superior protection following intranasal B.1.351 challenge. Protection against weight loss associated with WT, B.1.1.7, P.1 and B.1.617.2 challenge was also demonstrated. Vaccinated hamsters showed enhanced humoral responses against VOC in a heterologous WT vaccine prime and INO-4802 boost setting. These results demonstrate the potential of the pan-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, INO-4802 to induce cross-reactive immune responses against emerging VOC as either a standalone vaccine, or as a potential boost for individuals previously immunized with WT-matched vaccines.

Cervical cancer survivors and health care use: A Danish population-based register study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of a cervical cancer (CC) diagnosis on use of health care and prescription drugs. METHODS: This population-based register-study included Danish women aged 23-59 years and diagnosed with CC in 2001-2005. Women with a cervical screening outcome were used as comparison group. We obtained number of contacts to general practitioners (GPs), hospitals, psychologists/psychiatrists and defined daily doses (DDD) of analgesic/psychotropic prescription drugs. A difference-in-differences-design was used to estimate effect of a CC diagnosis on health-care use from five-year periods before and after the diagnosis/screening outcome. RESULTS: In total, 926 women with CC and 1,004,759 women without cancer were included. In five years following the date of CC diagnosis, CC patients had increased their use of GPs with 8.6 (95% CI 4.8-12.4) contacts more than women in the comparison group, and with 4.12 (95% CI 3.99-4.25) more hospital contacts. In contrast, use of psychologists/psychiatrists was low and largely unaffected by the CC diagnosis. For use of prescription drugs, analgesics increased with 80 (95% CI 60-100) DDD more in CC patients than in comparison women, and for psychotropics with 304 (95% CI 261-347) DDD more. CONCLUSIONS: A CC diagnosis was followed by an increase in use of GPs, hospitals, and analgesic/psychotropic prescription drugs, while use of psychologist/psychiatrist was largely unaffected. This pattern may indicate that pain/mental health concerns after CC either persisted or were alleviated by other means only.

Threshold and spectral sensitivity of vision in medaka Oryzias latipes determined by a novel template wave matching method.

We propose a new analytical method for determining the response threshold in electroretinogram (ERG) in which the wave shows a biphasic slow dc-potential shift. This method uses the recorded wave to the highest intensity stimuli in each wavelength tested as a template wave f(t), and it was compared with other recorded waves obtained under lower intensities g(t). Our test recordings in medaka Oryzias latipes were analogous between the template and the compared waveforms, although there were differences in amplitude and time lag (τ, peak time difference) which occurred as a result of the difference in stimulus intensity. Cross-correlation analysis was applied. Based on the obtained cross-correlation function Cfg(τ) in each comparison, τ was determined as the time lag at which the cross-correlation coefficient Rfg(τ) showed the maximum value. Determined thresholds that were based on both the experimenter's visual inspection and this new method agreed well when the adoption condition was set to satisfy R(τ) ≥ 0.7 and τ ≤ 150 ms in scotopic or τ ≤ 120 ms in photopic conditions. We concluded that this "template wave matching method" is a quick and reliable objective assessment that can be used to determine the threshold. This study analyzed ERG recordings in response to 6 kinds of wavelength light stimuli (380 nm to 620 nm) at different photon flux densities. We report the threshold levels and relative spectral sensitivities in scotopic and photopic vision of medaka.

COVID-19 Disease Map, a computational knowledge repository of SARS-CoV-2 virus-host interaction mechanisms

We describe a large-scale community effort to build an open-access, interoperable, and computable repository of COVID-19 molecular mechanisms - the COVID-19 Disease Map. We discuss the tools, platforms, and guidelines necessary for the distributed development of its contents by a multi-faceted community of biocurators, domain experts, bioinformaticians, and computational biologists. We highlight the role of relevant databases and text mining approaches in enrichment and validation of the curated mechanisms. We describe the contents of the Map and their relevance to the molecular pathophysiology of COVID-19 and the analytical and computational modelling approaches that can be applied for mechanistic data interpretation and predictions. We conclude by demonstrating concrete applications of our work through several use cases and highlight new testable hypotheses.

Canonical DNA minor groove insertion of bisbenzamidine-Ru(ii) complexes with chiral selectivity.

We report the first Ru(ii) coordination compounds that interact with DNA through a canonical minor groove insertion mode and with selectivity for A/T rich sites. This was made possible by integrating a bis-benzamidine minor groove DNA-binding agent with a ruthenium(ii) complex. Importantly, one of the enantiomers (Δ-[Ru(bpy)2 b4bpy]2+, Δ-4Ru) shows a considerably higher DNA affinity than the parent organic ligand and the other enantiomer, particularly for the AATT sequence, while the other enantiomer preferentially targets long AAATTT sites with overall lower affinity. Finally, we demonstrate that the photophysical properties of these new binders can be exploited for DNA cleavage using visible light.

Abnormal cervical cytology and health care use: a population-based register study.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the long-term use of health care services in women with abnormal cytology results compared to women with normal cytology results. METHODS: We did a nationwide population-based study, using women aged 23 to 59years participating in the national organized cervical cancer screening program. We included a study population of 40,153 women with abnormal cytology (exposed) and 752,627 women with normal cytology (non-exposed). We retrieved data from the Danish Civil Registration System, the Danish Pathology Data Bank, the National Health Service, the National Patient and the National Prescription Register. We calculated the frequencies of contacts to general practitioner (GP), to private psychiatrist and/or psychologist, admissions to hospitals and use of prescription drugs. These frequencies were calculated separately in the 5-year period "before" the cytology result and for the 5-year period "after" the result. RESULTS: During the "before" period exposed women had more contacts to GPs, more contacts to psychologists/psychiatrist, and more hospital admissions than non-exposed women. In both exposed and non-exposed women, health care use increased from the "before" to the "after" period. This increase was significantly higher for exposed than non-exposed women regarding contacts to GP, admissions to hospitals, and drug use. CONCLUSION: Women with abnormal cytology results constitute a selected group with a higher health care use than other women even before they have the abnormal cytology. This difference is further enhanced after the abnormal cytology result.

Cervical cancer screening at crossroads.

Cervical screening has been one of the most successful public health prevention programmes. For 50 years, cytology formed the basis for screening, and detected cervical intraepithelial lesions (CIN) were treated surgically to prevent progression to cancer. In a high-risk country as Denmark, screening decreased the incidence of cervical cancer from 34 to 11 per 100,000, age-standardized rate (World Standard Population). Screening is, however, also expensive; Denmark (population: 5.6 million) undertakes close to half a million tests per year, and has 6-8 CIN-treated women for each prevented cancer case. The discovery of human papillomavirus (HPV) as the cause of cervical cancer dramatically changed perspectives for disease control. Screening with HPV testing was launched around 1990, and preventive HPV vaccination was licensed in 2006. Long-term randomized controlled trials (RCT) demonstrated that HPV testing provides better protection against cervical cancer than cytology, but it requires extra repeated testing. HPV vaccination RCTs, furthermore, have proved that HPV vaccination protects against vaccine-type high-grade CIN in women vaccinated prior to sexual activity, but less so in women vaccinated later. The challenge now is therefore to find an algorithm for screening of a heterogeneous population including non-vaccinated women; women vaccinated prior to start of sexual activity; and women vaccinated later.

Sulfonamide-imines as selective fluorescent chemosensors for the fluoride anion.

Two new sulfonamide-type fluorescent chemosensors in organic media are reported. The two receptors, [N,N'-bis(2-tosylaminobenzylidene)-1,2-diaminoethane and N,N'-bis(2-tosylaminobenzylidene)-1,3-diamino-2-propanol], display marked changes in the fluorescence emission intensities as a result of deprotonation by basic anions, and show high selectivity for fluoride over other inorganic anions, such as acetate or dihydrogenphosphate. These results suggest that the presence of the imine group as an intramolecular H-bond acceptor enhances the selectivity of these sensors compared to previous examples in the literature. The deprotonation mechanism has been demonstrated by spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric titrations as well as by NMR spectroscopy. The X-ray structures of both receptors are also discussed.

[Health care for those depend on continual at home treatment]. / La atencion sanitaria en la dependencia.

The Law to Promote Personal Autonomy and Care for people dependent on continual at home treatment has had strong repercussions not only in social relationships but in scientific health forums as well. At present time, what most concerns professionals and society at large is the development of a system which includes resources and services capable to ensure treatment to those who must continually depend on someone else for their basic care-needs. But, what is happening with our health care? In this review article, the authors propose to analyze health system coverage for those who depend on others for their continuous basic care-needs in our country.

La atención sanitaria en la dependencia / Health care for those depend on continual at home treatment

La Ley de Promoción de la Autonomía Personal y Atención a las personas en situación de dependencia ha tenido una gran repercusión no sólo social sino también en los foros científicos sociosanitarios [1]. El interés se centra ahora en el desarrollo de un sistema de recursos y servicios que asegure la atención a las personas dependientes. Pero ¿qué ocurre con la asistencia sanitaria? Con esta revisión se pretende analizar la cobertura de la población dependiente en nuestro país(AU)

The Law to Promote Personal Autonomy and Care for people dependent on continual at home treatment has had strong repercussions not only in social relationships but in scientific health forums as well [1]. At present time, what most concerns professionals and society at large is the development of a system which includes resources and services capable to ensure treatment to those who must continually depend on someone else for their basic care-needs. But, what is happening with our health care? In this review article, the authors propose to analyze health system coverage for those who depend on others for their continuous basic care-needs in our country(AU)

Cuidados enfermeros en las personas sometidas a cirugía bariátrica / Nursing care in patients undergoing bariatric surgery

Una persona con obesidad mórbida (cuyo ÍMC es superior al 40),tiene un mayor riesgo de padecer diversas enfermedades: hipertensiónarterial, diabetes, dificultad respiratoria, etc. La intervenciónbariátrica es una intervención quirúrgica complicada, en laque se requiere una actuación multidisciplinar durante todo suproceso (cirujano, anestesiólogo, enfermera, etc.).Este trabajo expone los cuidados enfermeros en este tipo de cirugíapara evitar complicaciones potenciales. Dichos cuidados seadaptarán individualmente a cada paciente, ya que las complicacionesvariarán en función de su estado de salud general previo ala intervención, del tipo de técnica quirúrgica utilizada así como dela evolución del postoperatorio inmediato

An individual with morbid obesity and a BMI over 40 has a higherrisk of suffering from several diseases: high blood pressure, diabetes,breathing difficulty, etc. Bariatric surgery is a complex surgicalprocedure requiring a multidisciplinary action during the entireprocess (surgeon, anaesthesiologists, nurse, etc.).This article describes the nursing care required in this type ofsurgery to avoid potential complications. Such care is designed individuallyto meet the needs of each different patient, as complicationswill vary depending on the patient’s general state of healthprior to the procedure, type of surgical technique applied, and theincidences of the immediate postoperative period

[Do our elderly people suffer malnutrition? An evaluation of their nutritional state]. / Están nuestros ancianos desnutridos? Valoración del estado nutricional.

Elderly are particulary prone to suffer nutritional disbalance, mainly desnutrition. This alterations carry physical and functional consequences. For this reason, the scheduled evaluation of nutritional status must take part in the elderly nursing care. The evaluation must be performed in a individual basis, depending on the health and functional status. A description of screening test for healthy people are included, as is a functional health patterns, paying special attention to the dietary record and some anthropometric testing, to finalize with laboratory tests in the more complex patients.

¿Están nuestros ancianos desnutridos? Valoración del estado nutricional / Do our elderly people suffer malnutrition? An evaluation of their nutritional state

Los ancianos tienen especial riesgo de sufrir alteraciones nutricionales, sobre todo por defecto, con consequencias físicas y funcionales importantes. Por ello la evaluación periódica de su estado nutricional debe formar parte de la actividad enfermera, realizándose de forma individualizada dependiendo del estado de salud y funcional del estado. Se describen los métodos de cribado para la población sana, la valoración por patrones funcionales, incidiendo además en la encuesta dietética y algunos parámetros antropométricos, para finalizar con estudios analíticos en los casos más complejos

Elderly are particulary prone to suffer nutritional disbalance, mainly desnutrition. This alterations carry physical and functional consequences. For this reason, the scheduled evaluation of nutritional status must take part in the elderly nursing careo The evaluation must be performed in a individual basis, depending on the hea/th and functional status. A description of screening test for heaJthy people are included, as is a functional health patterns, paying special attention to the dietary record and some anthropometric testing, to finalize with laboratory tests' in the more complex patients