Psicosis lúpica: revisión de la literatura a propósito de un caso / Lupus psychosis: presentation of a case and a literature review

El lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica autoinmune que afecta al tejido conectivo de múltiples órganos. Las alteraciones neuropsiquiátricas en el LES son habituales y definitorias, con prevalencias de hasta el 95% según algunos estudios. Sin embargo, la psicosis lúpica es poco común, con prevalencias que oscilan entre el 2 y el 11%. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 30 años con 2 hospitalizaciones psiquiátricas previas por clínica psicótica y actualmente en tratamiento antipsicótico, que ingresa por cuadro compatible con síndrome hemolítico urémico. Dados los resultados de la batería de pruebas complementarias efectuada, se diagnostica de LES y se postula de forma retrospectiva la impresión diagnóstica de una psicosis lúpica. Esta revisión recalca el valor de la realización de pruebas complementarias como baterías de autoinmunidad con anticuerpos antinucleares y técnicas de neuroimagen en los primeros episodios psicóticos para descartar etiologías orgánicas, como la psicosis lúpica

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease that affects the connective tissue in multiple organs. The neuropsychiatric changes in SLE are common and well-defined, with prevalences up to 95% according to some studies. However, lupus psychosis is uncommon, with prevalences that vary between 2% and 11%. The case is presented of a 30 year-old woman with 2 previous psychiatric hospital admissions due to a clinical picture of psychosis. She was currently on anti-psychotic treatment, and was admitted due to a clinical picture compatible with Uraemic Haemolytic Syndrome. Given the results of the battery of complementary tests carried out, she was diagnosed with SLE, and retrospectively a lupus psychosis was diagnosed. This review re-assesses the value of carrying out batteries of complementary tests of autoimmunity with antinuclear antibodies and neuro-imaging techniques in the primary psychotic episodes in order to rule organic origins, such as lupus psychosis

Brains with sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and copathology showed a prolonged end-stage of disease.

AIMS: To investigate the expression of major proteins related to primary neurodegenerative diseases and their prognostic significance in brains with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty consecutive cases of confirmed CJD during the period 2010-2015 at Basque Brain bank were retrospectively reviewed. Moreover, major neurodegenerative-associated proteins (phosphorylated Tau, 4R tau, 3R tau, alpha-synuclein, TDP43, amyloid beta) were tested. Clinical data were reviewed. Cases were divided according to the presence or absence of copathology. Survival curves were also determined. RESULTS: Copathology was significantly associated with survival in brains with CJD (4.2±1.2 vs 9.2±1.9; P=0.019) and in brains with MM1/MV1 CJD (2.1±1.0 vs 6.7±2.8; P=0.012). Besides, the presence of more than one major neurodegenerative-associated protein was significantly associated with survival (4.2±1.2 vs 10.7±2.6; P=0.017). Thus, univariate analyses further pointed out variables significantly associated with better survival: copathology in CJD (HR=0.430; P=0.033); more than one neurodegenerative-associated protein in CJD (HR=0.369; P=0.036) and copathology in MM1/MV1 CJD (HR=0.525; P=0.032). CONCLUSION: The existence of copathology significantly prolongs survival in patients with rapidly progressive dementia due to CJD. The study of major neurodegenerative-associated proteins in brains with CJD could allow us to further understand the molecular mechanisms behind prion diseases.