ABSTRACT
Sn-doped In2O3 nanowires have been grown on Si via the vapor-liquid-solid mechanism at 800 °C and then exposed to H2S between 300 to 600 °C. We observe the existence of cubic bixbyite In2O3 and hexagonal SnS2 after processing the Sn:In2O3 nanowires to H2S at 300 °C but also cubic bixbyite In2O3, which remains dominant, and the emergence of rhombohedral In2(SO4)3 at 400 °C. The resultant nanowires maintain their metallic-like conductivity, and exhibit photoluminescence at 3.4 eV corresponding to band edge emission from In2O3. In contrast, Sn:In2O3 nanowires grown on glass at 500 °C can be treated under H2S only below 200 °C which is important for the fabrication of Cu2S/Sn:In2O3 core-shell p-n junctions on low-cost transparent substrates such as glass suitable for quantum dot-sensitized solar cells.
ABSTRACT
The phenomenon of resistive switching (RS), which was initially linked to non-volatile resistive memory applications, has recently also been associated with the concept of memristors, whose adjustable multilevel resistance characteristics open up unforeseen perspectives in cognitive computing. Herein, we demonstrate that the resistance states of Li(x)CoO2 thin film-based metal-insulator-metal (MIM) solid-state cells can be tuned by sequential programming voltage pulses, and that these resistance states are dramatically dependent on the pulses input rate, hence emulating biological synapse plasticity. In addition, we identify the underlying electrochemical processes of RS in our MIM cells, which also reveal a nanobattery-like behavior, leading to the generation of electrical signals that bring an unprecedented new dimension to the connection between memristors and neuromorphic systems. Therefore, these LixCoO2-based MIM devices allow for a combination of possibilities, offering new perspectives of usage in nanoelectronics and bio-inspired neuromorphic circuits.
ABSTRACT
A realistic computational 3D human body library, called MaMP and FeMP (Male and Female Mesh Phantoms), based on polygonal mesh surface geometry, has been created to be used for numerical calibration of the whole body counter (WBC) system of the nuclear power plant (NPP) in Doel, Belgium. The main objective was to create flexible computational models varying in gender, body height, and mass for studying the morphology-induced variation of the detector counting efficiency (CE) and reducing the measurement uncertainties. First, the counting room and an HPGe detector were modeled using MCNPX (Monte Carlo radiation transport code). The validation of the model was carried out for different sample-detector geometries with point sources and a physical phantom. Second, CE values were calculated for a total of 36 different mesh phantoms in a seated position using the validated Monte Carlo model. This paper reports on the validation process of the in vivo whole body system and the CE calculated for different body heights and weights. The results reveal that the CE is strongly dependent on the individual body shape, size, and gender and may vary by a factor of 1.5 to 3 depending on the morphology aspects of the individual to be measured.
Subject(s)
Environmental Exposure , Leukocytes/cytology , Phantoms, Imaging , Whole-Body Counting/methods , Belgium , Body Burden , Calibration , Computer Simulation , Female , Gamma Rays , Humans , Male , Models, Anatomic , Models, Theoretical , Monte Carlo Method , Nuclear Power PlantsABSTRACT
T cells bearing the gamma9/delta2 T cell receptor (TCR) have recently raised interest as non-MHC restricted effector cells against multiple myeloma. They are described to be stimulated by phosphoantigens without the need of antigen presenting cells. However, in the past a positive effect of cells of the monocyte lineage on activation of gamma/delta T cells has been shown. Monocyte derived dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen presenting cells widely investigated as stimulators of alpha/beta T cells. But only little is known about the interaction of gamma/delta T cells and monocyte derived DC. Here, we investigated the effect of coculture of mature DC unpulsed or pulsed with ibandronate on the proliferation and cytotoxic activity of isolated gamma/delta T cells. After coculturing monocyte derived DC with isolated gamma/delta T cells, proliferation of gamma/delta T cells was enhanced as determined by the (3)H thymidine uptake assay. Also, IFN-gamma secretion was increased after coculture with DC. As DC are well known to induce activation of alpha/beta T cells we investigated whether the cytotoxic activity of gamma/delta T cells could be increased by coculture with DC. We found no difference in cytotoxic activity of gamma/delta T cells alone or cocultured with unpulsed or pulsed mature DC. Also, sensitizing of myeloma cells by addition of ibandronate could not increase lysis by gamma/delta T cells. In conclusion, monocyte derived DC are capable of stimulating proliferation and secretion of IFN-gamma of gamma/delta T cells but do not exert an effect on cytotoxic activity of gamma/delta T cells against myeloma cells.
Subject(s)
Cytotoxicity, Immunologic , Dendritic Cells/cytology , Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/metabolism , T-Lymphocytes/cytology , T-Lymphocytes/immunology , Cell Differentiation , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Cell Survival/drug effects , Coculture Techniques , Cytokines/metabolism , Dendritic Cells/drug effects , Dendritic Cells/metabolism , Diphosphonates/pharmacology , Humans , Immunophenotyping , Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects , Monocytes/cytology , Multiple Myeloma/pathology , T-Lymphocytes/drug effects , T-Lymphocytes/metabolismABSTRACT
After a short history of the VAE, a new method in the intervention radiology, the authors present the technique and results of the experimental renal VAE performed on dogs, with autologous clot, Gelaspon and Isobutyl-2-cyanoacrylat. The favourable results of the experimental investigations permitted for the first time in our country the use of VAE in inoperable renal cancers. The paper presents the clinico-therapeutical results of VAE as well as the control angiographic and echotomographic aspects after embolization. The conclusions support the need of using VAE both preoperatively and in the inoperable cases of renal cancer, suggesting the possibility of extending the use of this method to other visceral cancers with selective arterial catheterizations approach.
Subject(s)
Bucrylate/administration & dosage , Embolization, Therapeutic/methods , Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable/administration & dosage , Hemostatics/administration & dosage , Kidney Neoplasms/therapy , Radiology, Interventional , Tissue Adhesives/administration & dosage , Animals , Dogs , Humans , Kidney Neoplasms/pathology , Lymphatic Metastasis , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Staging , Neoplasms, Experimental , Palliative Care/methods , Radiology, Interventional/methods , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
A simple procedure for detecting a few cells of Mycobacterium gordonae in laboratory water that yielded spurious smear results is described.
