Actual concepts in scaphocephaly : (an experience of 98 cases).

Craniosynostoses are recognized as a group of birth defects that impair the skull structures by early closure of one or more sutures, causing an abnormal cranial shape. Among the "simple" craniosynostoses, (a single closed suture) the most common is scaphocephaly. The 3D CT scan is the most relevant and rapid diagnostic test. The authors present the personal experience of 98 scaphocephaly cases diagnosed and surgically treated in the Neurosurgical Department of "Bagdasar-Arseni" Emergency Hospital during a period of 10 years (2000 - 2009). The procedure of choice was the Stein & Schut (1977) extensive craniotomy that removes the early closed suture. There were no post-operatory death cases and no abnormally closed sutures. The routine use of the craniotome facilitates the lateral osteotomy that allows a normal brain growth and a normal symmetrical skull shape development. The authors advocate for early surgery during the first 6 months of life.

Viable neutrophils release mitochondrial DNA to form neutrophil extracellular traps.

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) represent extracellular structures able to bind and kill microorganisms. It is believed that they are generated by neutrophils undergoing cell death, allowing these dying or dead cells to kill microbes. We show that, following priming with granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and subsequent short-term toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) or complement factor 5a (C5a) receptor stimulation, viable neutrophils are able to generate NETs. Strikingly, NETs formed by living cells contain mitochondrial, but no nuclear, DNA. Pharmacological or genetic approaches to block reactive oxygen species (ROS) production suggested that NET formation is ROS dependent. Moreover, neutrophil populations stimulated with GM-CSF and C5a showed increased survival compared with resting neutrophils, which did not generate NETs. In conclusion, mitochondrial DNA release by neutrophils and NET formation do not require neutrophil death and do also not limit the lifespan of these cells.

[The dynamics of exposure to silicotic dusts and silicosis in a foundry]. / Dinamica expunerii la pulberi silicogene si a silicozei într-o turnatorie.

This work presents the concentrations dynamics of dust in a cast iron foundry, in parallel with the frequency and gravity dynamics of the getting sick of silicosis. The knowing of the real risk of exposure to silicotic dust was possible through the data processing concerning the dusting degree (the average of working place), the content of silicon free-crystalline dioxide (SiO2 l.c.) for the calculation of the maximum admitted concentration (C.M.A.) and the dispersion degree of dust in a cast iron and steel foundry for the studied period (1982-1996). New cases of silicosis appeared in this period were studied and they were colligated with the age at declaration, the average length of service and the profession. The values of the dusting degree outrun the C.M.A. up to 168 times, especially at the preparation of mixture and grinding with a prevalence of particles under 3 micron (40-70%) and the Si02 l.c. content varies between 35.2% and 64.5%. From those 98 new cases of silicosis appeared in 15 years, 82.65% were traced out in the incipient phases of the disease. The average age in service and the average age increase (43.1 respective 19.8 years). The coefficients of correlation and regress (+0.286 respective +0.383) show a good correlation between the silicosis number and the age in service. The advanced stages of silicosis and age in service under 10 years were found at the foundry-workers and formators, occupations which imply a high silicotic risk. The foretelling calculations for the next 20 years show an increase of the silicosis incidence for foundry-workers.

[The hemorrhagic duodenal ulcer: our experience in its diagnosis and treatment]. / Ulcerul duodenal hemoragic: experienta noastra în diagnostic si tratament.

AIM OF THE PAPER: To present our experience in the diagnosis and treatment of hemorrhagic duodenal ulcer. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Retrospective study of 80 patients who underwent surgery in our clinic during the past 5 years. Patient's age ranged between 19 and 76 years, the condition being most common during the IVth and Vth decades of life. There were 61 males and 19 female, 49 of them residing in urban areas. In 23 cases the patients presented with an acute hemorrhagic ulcer and in 57 cases with a chronic form. Hemorrhage was by hematemesis (30 cases), melena (36 cases) and hematemesis and melena (14 cases). According to the severity of hemorrhage we found: hemorrhagic shock grade I (mild hemorrhage) in 16 cases, grade II (moderate hemorrhage) in 19 cases, grade III (severe hemorrhage) in 33 cases, grade IV (very severe) in 11 cases and grade V (cataclysmic) in 1 case. Radiological and endoscopic examinations made the diagnosis in 78 and 95% of the cases, respectively. Treatment was surgical in all cases. The patients were operated in emergency, within the first 24 hours (14 cases), or delayed emergency, after 4-7 days (66 cases). Two surgical procedures were performed: truncal vagotomy with ulcer excision/suture and Heineke-Mikulicz pyloroplasty in 46 cases, and truncal vagotomy with antrectomy and Péan anastomosis in 34 cases. RESULTS: Postoperative course was favorable in 76 cases, complications causing death being recorded in 4 cases. CONCLUSIONS: Hemorrhagic gastroduodenal ulcer is a surgical emergency requiring an adequate diagnostic and therapeutic approach. According to our statistics, in most cases the treatment is surgical.

[Experimental carbon disulfide-induced encephalopathy]. / Encefalopatia sulfocarbonica experimentala.

The histopathological and ultrastructural aspects of cerebral cortex were followed up in the white rat injected intraperitoneally with carbon disulphide at 5 mg/kg body weight/week, in a chronic experiment--3, 6, 10 months. Important neuronal damages like: neuronal dystrophy's to neurolysis affecting the pyramidal and granular cells, neuronophagy, nodular and diffuse glial reaction, in the absence of atherosclerotic lesions were noticed. The lesions developed after 3 months and become more extended at 6 months and 10 months: it persists even after 2 months from the moment when the administration ceased.

[The quality assessment of a product with adhesive properties for complete dental prostheses]. / Aprecierea calitatii unui preparat cu proprietati de adeziv al protezei dentare totale.

A formula of dental adhesive using as an agent responsible for this activity an indigenous product, C.M.C.Na 1080, gelified with preservative solution with added astringent agents was elaborated. The possible interaction between the constituents during preservation and the product qualities by determining the pH, extensibility index, sliding limit tension, antimicrobial activity and certain clinical aspects were evaluated.

[Is carbon disulfide atherogenic?]. / Este sulfura de carbon aterogena?

The changes in serum lipids and the histopathological aspect of aorta and blood vessels in the coronary, cerebral and renal territories were followed up in the white rat injected intraperitoneally with carbon bisulphide at various doses (5, 10, 15, 25, 75 mg/kg body weight) in subacute and chronic experiment (3, 6, 10 months). The absence of hyperlipemia and atherosclerotic lesions in aorta and coronary, renal and cerebral blood vessels were noticed.

[Histologic aspects of the testis in experimental carbon disulfide poisoning]. / Aspectul histologic al testiculului în intoxicatia experimentala cu sulfura de carbon.

The histological examination of testes was carried out in white male rats poisoned by the intraperitoneal administration once a week for 6 months of carbon disulphide at different doses of 5, 10, 15, 25 mg/kg body weight. The changes consist in interstitial edema, stasis, congestion, seminiferous tubules basement membrane thickening and spermatogenesis suppression at different stages. There is a direct relation between the intensity of the lesions and the administered dose. The ways of spermatogenesis alteration in the presence of interstitial cells of normal aspect are discussed. The authors believe that carbon disulphide had a direct action both on the central nervous system (hypothalamus--FSH releasing factor) and on testicular structures.