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1.
Sci Rep ; 11(1): 1340, 2021 01 14.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33446684

ABSTRACT

Omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) influence metabolism and thermogenesis in non-hibernators. How omega 3 PUFAs influence Arctic Ground Squirrels (AGS) during hibernation is unknown. Prior to hibernation we fed AGS chow composed of an omega 6:3 ratio approximately 1:1 (high in omega 3 PUFA, termed Balanced Diet), or an omega 6:3 ratio of 5:1 (Standard Rodent Chow), and measured the influence of diet on core body temperature (Tb), brown adipose tissue (BAT) mass, fatty acid profiles of BAT, white adipose tissue (WAT) and plasma as well as hypothalamic endocannabinoid and endocannabinoid-like bioactive fatty acid amides during hibernation. Results show feeding a diet high in omega 3 PUFAs, with a more balanced omega 6:3 ratio, increases AGS Tb in torpor. We found the diet-induced increase in Tb during torpor is most easily explained by an increase in the mass of BAT deposits of Balanced Diet AGS. The increase in BAT mass is associated with elevated levels of metabolites DHA and EPA in tissue and plasma suggesting that these omega 3 PUFAs may play a role in thermogenesis during torpor. While we did not observe diet-induced change in endocannabinoids, we do report altered hypothalamic levels of some endocannabinoids, and endocannabinoid-like compounds, during hibernation.


Subject(s)
Adipose Tissue, Brown/metabolism , Fatty Acids, Omega-3/pharmacology , Sciuridae/metabolism , Thermogenesis/drug effects , Torpor/drug effects , Animals , Fatty Acids, Omega-3/metabolism
2.
Acta Chir Iugosl ; 37 Suppl 1: 19-23, 1990.
Article in Croatian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2327197

ABSTRACT

An investigation of the size and suitability for the transplantation procedures of the knee blood vessels was made in 20 adult dogs with 40 extremities using the technique of injection of the arterial network through the femoral artery with the mixture of the methacrylic resin (SIGMAL R "Galenika", Belgrade) and the red ink. When the polymerisation of injected methacrylic resin was completed the specimens were exposed to either chemical or biological maceration of the tissues. Thirty-five specimens were chemically macerated using either 30% solution of hydrochloride acid or 40% potassium hydroxide. With this method bones were also destroyed and only the methacrylic vascular cast remained unaffected. Five specimens were exposed to the biological maceration using the insects (Dermestes vulpinus). This method proved to be better as the bones elements were not destroyed which allowed more precise study of vessel relations and topography. Calibre of the arteries was measured using the micromethod MEBA (Zagreb) with the accuracy of 0.01 mm. The main arterial vessels of the knee joint on the medial side are aa. saphena, genus descendes (branches of the femoral artery, then a. genus descendens (branches of the femoral artery, then a. genus medialis (branch of the popliteal artery), and on the lateral side are a. caudalis femoris distalis, (branch of the femoral artery), a genus lateralis (branch of the popliteal artery) and recurrent branches of the a. tibialis cranialis. Calibre of the femoral and popliteal arteries was over 2 mm which means that they are suitable for macrosurgical sutures, while the calibre of all other arteries was under 2 mm, and it is concluded that they are suitable only for microsurgical sutures.


Subject(s)
Blood Vessels/anatomy & histology , Dogs/anatomy & histology , Knee Joint/blood supply , Animals , Blood Vessels/transplantation
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