[The use of the procedures of functional biocontrol in the combined treatment of amblyopia]. / Ispol'zovanie priemov funktsional'nogo bioupravleniia v kompleksnom lechenii ambliopii.

Thirty children with dysbinocular and anisometric amblyopia were treated making use of a method based on the use of a physiologically based functional bioregulation. It is known that in this condition EEG changes recorded in the occipital sectors of the brain are indicative of a weakened specific activation reaction. To improve vision acuity, the patients were trained to enhance activation reaction by EEG monitoring that was used to create an external feedback (EEG status-dependent brightness of the screen when watching an animated cartoon). The results show that functional bioregulation method may be used both alone and in complex with other methods, reducing the treatment duration and helping attain a desirable effect in cases previously treated without success.

[Mechanisms of the selective development of neuronal structures]. / Mekhanizmy selektivnogo razvitiia neironal'nykh struktur.

The review deals with a complex of problems concerned with interneuronal relationship formation in the central nervous system. Hypothesis of neuronal selection, role of trophic factors in formation and maintenance of interneuronal connections, mechanism of their synaptic stabilization are analyzed. It is noted then signals ingoing from afferent inputs in the process of development modulate the activity of neurones and thus interact with the mechanisms of nervous system self-organization. On the basis of current knowledge about causes of the stabilization of neuronal interconnections structure, as well as original investigations, a hypothesis on mechanism of local neuronal systems selection depending on the stability of their impulse outflow is proposed.

[The organization of pulse trains in the dorsal hyperstriatum of hens in relation to the afferent input in ontogeny]. / Organizatsiia impul'snykh potokov v dorsal'nom giperstriatume kur v zavisimosti ot afferentnogo pritoka v ontogeneze.

Analysis of background multicellular activity of neuronal populations in the dorsal hyperstriatum of chick embryos and baby-chicks, incubated either in darkness or under periodic illumination, revealed an impulse volley structure which is characterized by onset of discharges which follow each other in a form of small series at close intervals. These series originally may be observed in the background activity of the left dorsal hyperstriatum in "illuminated" chick embryos at the 19th day of incubation, and only at the 1st day after hatching--in the right dorsal hyperstriatum of embryos, "illuminated" although they are present in both left and right dorsal hyperstriatum in embryos incubated in darkness, the difference being presumably due to asymmetric input of visual afferentation to this structure. Series of impulse volleys with repeating intervals are considered as a reflection of the activity of local microsystems of neurons which exhibit cyclic structure and which are capable to maintain stable impulse activity in its intrinsic system of connections, which is one of the elements of a mechanism of synaptic stabilization and formation of organized neuronal complexes.

[The dynamics of the activity parameters of the neuronal populations in the dorsal hyperstriatum of hens depending on the afferent input in ontogeny]. / Dinamika parametrov aktivnosti neironnykh populiatsii dorsal'nogo giperstriatuma kur v zavisimosti ot afferentnogo pritoka v ontogeneze.

Studies have been made on the properties of neuronal populations of the dorsal hyperstriatum of the forebrain in hens beginning from the 18th day incubation up to the 7th day after hatching, which were incubated and kept either in darkness or under periodic illumination. Among the investigated parameters of multicellular activity, mean frequency of the discharge activity was found to be most susceptible to the level of external light afferentation in ontogenesis. The discharge activity was more intense in the left hemisphere of chick embryos and chicks from illuminated group, which may be associated with asymmetrical visual afferentation resulting from embryonic position within the egg, and its modulating effect on synchronization processes in the adjacent neurones of the given structure.

[The effect of microwaves on the neuronal activity of the hyperstriatum in chick embryos at the critical developmental period]. / Vliianie mikrovoln na neironnuiu aktivnost' giperstriatuma kurinykh émbrionov v kriticheskii period razvitiia.

Studies have been made on multineuronal activity in the dorsal hyperstriatum of chick embryos exposed to microwave radiation (2.375 MHz) at critical stage of development of the structure (19th day of incubation). One day after microwave exposition, activation of neurones was observed in a form of the increase in the discharge frequency and the increase of outburst form of the activity. Cyclic form of outburst activity was absent in experimental animals being present in control embryos of the same age and associated presumably with self-organization of microsystems of neurones in the developing brain. Changes in multineuronal activity were found only in the left hyperstriatum, which is probably due to different levels of the development and functional activity of the right and left hyperstriatum at this stage resulting from asymmetric intensity of visual afferentation which depends on the position of embryo inside the egg.

[Correction of posture disorders and scoliosis in schoolchildren using functional biofeedback]. / Korrektsiia narushenii osadki i skolioza u shkol'nikov metodami funktsional'nogo bioupravleniia.

A novel technique is offered for correction of postural defects and early manifestations of scoliosis in schoolchildren using methods of functional biofeedback training. The technique allowed the patient to use the biofeedback signals informing on the degree of asymmetry in bioelectric activity of paravertebral muscles in static active straightening of the vertebral column. The data revealed a steady decrease in asymmetric activity indices in muscles erecting the column. This provided a physiological basis for a high clinical efficiency of the technique.

[Organization of impulse flows and selective neuronal death in the hyperstriatum of chick embryos and chicks]. / Organizatsiia impul'snykh protokov i selektivnaia gibel' neironov v giperstriatume kurinykh émbrionov i tsypliat.

Studies have been made on changes in the number of neurones per volume unit of the tissue of hyperstriatum tissue in chick embryos from the 18th day of incubation to the 3rd day after hatching. Significant interhemispheric asymmetry in migration rate and cell death was revealed in the dorsal hyperstriatum from the 19th day of embryogenesis, which may be due to asymmetry in the intensity of visual afferentation which depends on the stationary position of the embryo in the egg. In the activity of neuronal populations within the dorsal hyperstriatum at a stage which immediately precedes mass death of cells (up to 40%), a structure of impulse volley was found which is characterised by the onset of impulse discharges following each other in a form of short series. Sometimes it is possible to reveal correlation between the duration of dominating interdischarge intervals and the extremes in the recovery of excitability of neuronal pools, which indirectly indicates putative reverberative origin of impulse cyclic phenomenon.

[Afferent determination of transfer factor formation in the rat spinal cord]. / Afferentnaia determinatsiia obrazovaniia transfernogo faktora v spinnom mozge krys.

The mechanisms causing the appearance of transfer factor (TF) in the cerebrospinal tissue of rats were studied. Intracerebral TF injections to intact recipients were found to change asymmetrically the reflectory muscular responses. TF could be found in the extract of the rat spinal cord in rats with cut off n. tibialis sin. or with alcohol-novocaine blockade of posterior left tibial muscles, i.e., the reaction of the cerebral cells to the break in axon integrity is not responsible for TF formation. The appearance of TF in the cerebrospinal tissue less than two hours after alcohol-novocaine muscular blockade does not suggest that the axon integrity is the cause initiating TF formation. It is assumed that the deafferentation determines TF appearance in the cerebrospinal tissue.

[Procedure for functional biocontrol in severe forms of movement disorders in patients with infantile cerebral palsy]. / Priemy funktsional'nogo bioupravleniia pri tiazhelykh formakh dvigatel'nykh narushenii u bol'nykh detskim tserebral'nym paralichom.

The paper deals with a modified method and a new device for functional biocontrol in children with severe forms of motor disturbances related to infantile cerebral paralysis. Training directed at the normalization of reciprocal relations reduced spontaneous bioelectrical activity and improved relationships between muscle-antagonists of the forearm which resulted in improved parameters of patients' motor activity.

Electrical activity of the chick embryo brain during development of stable rearrangements of movement.

A study was made of the changes in the electrical activity of the brains of 19-day old chick embryos during the development of adaptive shifts of movement in controlled experiments. It has been established that the formation of new, stable rearrangements of movement - effected under different control regimes - is accompanied by an intensification of the process of spatio-temporal synchronization of the electrical activity of the embryonic brain within the range of the dominating frequencies. This allows us to think that the spatio-temporal synchronization of the EEG activity is a manifestation of the organization of centrally-controlled influences, whereby movement is transformed adaptively at the expense of changes in the components of an endogenous, embryonic motor activity biorhythm.

[Development of neuronal activity of telencephalic structures during chicken embryogenesis]. / Razvitie neironal'noi aktivnosti struktur konechnogo mozga v émbriogeneze kur.

Microelectrophysiological studies have been made on the development of neuronal activity in the structures of the striatal complex 17--21-day chick embryos. The density of spontaneously active neurones, their frequency parameters, the pattern of impulse activity and presentation of synaptic inputs for different modalities were investigated. The data obtained indicate the existence of significant heterochrony in the onset of neuronal activity in different parts of the telencephalon: the development of neuronal systems in phylogenetically more ancient structures, i.e. archi- and paliostriatum--takes place earlier than in younger formations--neo- and hyperstriatum. It is concluded that at final stages of embryogenesis the structure of neuronal activity of motor analyser undergoes deep functional changes which provide for the necessary level of plasticity of functional brain systems accounting for adaptive changes in the motor activity during embryonic development.

[An electrophysiological analysis of brain maturation in chicken embryogenesis]. / Elektrofiziologicheskii analiz sozrevaniia golovnogo mozga v émbriogeneze kur.

Studies have been made on the development of the spontaneous bioelectrical activity in the brain of 13-21-day chick embryos and on the reactions of the brain to sonic and photic stimulation (single and rhythmic). It was shown that the onset of the evoked responses to afferent stimulation coincides with predominance of a periodic process in the bioelectrical activity (17-18th days of embryogenesis). The presence of ordered rhythmicity in the bioelectrical activity of the brain which coincides with a possibility of its transformation and synchronization with afferent stimuli is suggested to be an important index of the development of the brain.