[Surgical strategy for wounds of the cervical part of the esophagus]. / Khirurgicheskaia taktika pri raneniiakh sheinogo otdela pishchevoda.

An analysis of results of treatment of 425 patients aged from 15 to 85 years with penetrating wounds of the neck was made. In 40 (8.1%) patients there were wounds of the cervical part of the esophagus, 29 of them had associated injuries. The proposed active surgical strategy consisted in a necessary thorough revision of the penetrating wounds of the neck using general anesthesia and then directly in the operation room using subsidiary methods of examination such as urgent x-ray analysis with a water-soluble contrast, esophagoscopy, larengotracheoscopy. This approach allowed detection of injuries of the cervical part of the esophagus, even in cases of the absence of clinical symptoms of esophagus injuries. In all the patients the wounds of the esophagus were sutured and followed by active aspiration drainage and antibacterial treatment with modern antimicrobial medicines.

[The diagnosis and treatment of injuries of the upper respiratory tract in wounds and traumas of the neck]. / Diagnostika i lechenie povrezhdenii verkhnikh dykhatel'nykh putei pri raneniiakh i travmakh shei.

The authors made an analysis of results of treatment of 339 patients with wounds and closed injuries of the neck. Laryngotracheal injuries were found in 27 (7.9%) patients, in 15 patients the injuries being of combined character. Active surgical strategy including the necessary thorough revision of the penetrating wounds of the neck during operation under general narcosis anesthesia, by instrumental methods of examination. Such strategy allowed timely detection and adequate elimination of injuries of the organs and vessels of the neck and improvement of the results of treatment of such patients.

[Acute tumorous obstruction of the colon in elderly and senile patients]. / Ostraia opukholevaia neprokhodimost' obodochnoi kishki u bol'nykh pozhilogo i starcheskogo vozrasta.

The authors present the results of surgical treatment of 106 elderly and senile patients. In 30 patients admitted in a extremely severe condition the acute intestinal obstruction was combined with peritonitis. Postoperative mortality in this group of patients was 86.7% in spite of intensive treatment. In 28 patients generalization of the process was detected and they were given palliative interventions for liquidation of acute intestinal obstruction. Postoperative mortality in this group was 39.2%. Conventional radical operations were fulfilled on 48 patients. Postoperative mortality in this group was 20.8%. Later on the intestinal patency was reestablished in 15 patients. The data obtained show the possibility to widen the indications to radical operative interventions and to improve results of treatment of such patients.

[RNA biosynthesis and regulation of protein biosynthesis in the liver of chicks with experimental coccidiosis]. / Biosintez RNK i reguliatsiia biosinteza belkov v pecheni tsypliat pri éksperimental'nom koktsidioze.

The aim of this work was to investigate the interrelationship between RNA biosynthesis and that of protein in chick liver during experimental coccidiosis induced by E. tenella. The peculiarity of this model is that in the course of this disease protein synthesis is significantly intensified inspite of the fact that the rate of the biosynthesis is rather high under normal conditions. It has been shown that 4 to 6 days after infection incorporation of labeled amino acids into proteins from chick liver subcellular fractions is greatly increased. The most pronounced changes are in ribosomal and mitochondrial fractions as well as in the postribosomal supernatant. At the same time the specific radioactivity of serum albumin excreted by liver was increased by factor 3. These changes in protein biosynthesis are associated with a significant increase of both the content and intensity of biosynthesis of high molecular weight precursors of rRNA as well as with those of mature 18S rRNA. The amount of 28S rRNA and mRNA per cell is practically without any changes whereas the mRNA turnover is somewhat more extensive. The selective accumulation of 18S rRNA is suggested to be responsible for the intensification of protein biosynthesis.

[Nucleic acid and protein synthesis in the body of chicks infested by various species of Eimeria]. / Sintez nukleinovykh kislot i belkov v organizme tsypliat, invazirovannykh raznymi vidami Eimeria.

The infection of chicks with optimal immunogenic doses of oocysts of E. tenella and E. acervulina results in the activation of biosynthesis of proteins and nucleic acids in the Fabricius bursa, spleen, thymus and blind processes of the intestine. The infection causes the increase in the quantity and synthesis intensity of immunoglobulins G and M that suggests a stimulation of cellular and immunity factors in the ogranism of an immunized bird. Maximum changes in biosynthesis of compounds studied are reported four days after the infection that confirms high immunogenic properties of the second generation schizonts. A study of protein synthesis in limphoid organs of chicks infected only with E. tenella has yielded the same results. The infection with E. acervulina caused but negligible changes in the protein metabolism, i.e. coccidians of E. tenella possess more immunogenic properties.

[Synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins in the appendix of chickens infected with Eimeria tenella]. / Sintez nukleinovykh kislot i belka v slepykh otrostkakh tsypliat, invazirovannykh Eimeria tenella

A comparative study was carried out of the synthesis of DNA, RNA and protein in blind appendages of the intestine of healthy and infected with E. tenella chickens. It was established that the inclusion of P32 into DNA and C14 - orotic acid into RNA increases in 2-10 days after the infection. An intensive inclusion of C14-lysine into protein of blind appendages was observed in 2-6 days after the infection of chickens. Under the effect of the parasite an activation of metabolism of DNA, RNA and protein takes place in blind appendages of the host's intestine.

[Surgical importance of the topography of the vessels and bile ducts in the hepatic portal in case of their atypical branching and formation]. / Khirurgicheskoe znachenie topografii sosudov i zhelchnykh protokov v vorotakh pecheni pri ikh atipichnom delenii i formirovanii

The portal triad was studied on 100 specimens of porta hepatis, using the methods of preparation, roentgenography and corrosion. An unusual origin of hepatic arteries was observed in 36%, atypical formation of bile ducts--in 33%, and a specific branching of the portal vein--in 15%. Different variants of vessels and bile ducts related with their specific development can be intercombined. Due to it, during surgical procedures in the region of porta hepatis it is necessary to bear in mind not only an atypical structure of each element of the Glisson system, but also the possibility of frequent combination of their different variants.