Evidence for interacting two-level systems from the 1/f noise of a superconducting resonator.

The performance of a great variety of electronic devices--ranging from semiconductor transistors to superconducting qubits--is hampered by low-frequency noise with spectra proportional to 1/f. The ubiquity and negative impact of 1/f noise has motivated intensive research into its cause, and it is now believed to originate from a bath of fluctuating two-level defect states (TLSs) embedded in the material. This phenomenon is commonly described by the long-established standard tunnelling model (STM) of independent TLS. A key prediction of STM is that the noise should vanish at low temperatures. Here we report measurements on superconducting microresonators over previously unattainable, very long time scales that show an increase in 1/f noise at low temperatures and low microwave power, contrary to the STM. We propose a new generalised tunnelling model that includes significant interaction between multiple TLSs, which fully describes these observations, as well as recent studies of individual TLS lifetimes in superconducting qubits.

[The effect of a fluorocarbon emulsion--an enzyme inducer of the cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase system of the liver--on the acute toxicity of CCl4 and on the efficacy of the prophylactic use of antidotes in organophosphate pesticide poisoning]. / Vliianie ftoruglerodnoi émul'sii--induktora fermentov tsitokhrom P-450-zavisimosti monooksigenaznoi sistemy pecheni--na ostruiu toksichnost' CCl4 i na éffektivnost' profilakticheskogo primeneniia antidotov pri intoksikatsii fosfororganicheskimi pestitsidami.

The effect of intraperitoneal administration of perfluorocarbon emulsion, an inducer of cytochrome P-450-dependent monoxygenase system of the liver, on the resistance of rodents to the action of CCl4 and organophosphorus pesticides was studied. Perfluorocarbon emulsion potentiated CCl4 toxicity decreasing LD50 from 4.5 to 3.7 mg/kg mouse body weight without changing susceptibility of rats to organophosphorus pesticides. A preliminary administration of perfluorocarbon emulsion effectively increased the protective action of antidotes (atropine + dipyroxime) providing the resistance of the animals to 12-fold, 20-fold and 20-fold LD50 of dichlophos, methaphos and butiphos, respectively.

[Treatment of the early stages of cancer of the lower lip]. / Lechenie raka nizhnei guby rannikh stadii.

464 patients with the lower lip cancer were treated; stage I--in 292, stage II--in 150, stage III and IV--in 22 patients. The vast majority of patients in the stage I and II were given close focal roentgenotherapy on the primary focus. 123 Wanakh operations for the stage I revealed metastases in lymph nodes in 2 patients, 113 Wanakh operations for the stage II showed metastases in 9 cases. The clinical recovery for a 3-year period was noted in 99.4% of cases in stage I without the Wanakh surgery, for a 5-year period--in 92.7%. In the stage II without the surgery the clinical recovery for a 3-year period was noted in 93.8%, for up to 5 years--in 92.7%. In the stage I the Wanakh surgery should be denied, and in the stage II the combination therapy to a full extent is recommended.