[The morphofunctional cellular evaluation of liver and kidney in rats in dynamics of 6-month consumption of water produced with the use of noncontact activation after electrochemical treatment].

There were investigated morphofunctional indices of liver and kidney in male outbred rats in the dynamics of the 6-months consumption of water after its noncontact activation. There were studied 4 experimental groups of animals consumed waters named as "Anolyte" and in dependence on the activation time, 3 types of catholyte water ("Catholyte--5", "Catholyte--25", "Catholyte--40"). Moscow tap water settled for a week served as control. "Anolyte" water was found to increase in the kidney the number of hypertrophied gromeruli only in 6 months, while the consumption of "Catholyte--25" water and especially, "Catholyte--40" in 1 and 6 months caused the damage of liver and kidney, and for the index of alteration of renal glomeruli after 6 months of water consumption there was revealed the dependence on the activation time of "Catalytes".

[100 years of drinking water regulation. Retrospective review, current situation and prospects].

There is considered the history of the development of legislative requirements to the regulation of the quality of drinking water in different countries and international organizations during the period from 1912 to the present time. In terms of comparative analysis there is analyzed the current state of regulatory frameworks of the Russian Federation, WHO, EU, Finland, the UK, Singapore, Australia, Japan, China, Nigeria, the United States and Canada in the field of providing favorable conditions of population drinking water use. There has been noted the significant progress in standardization of the content of the biogenic elements and chemical pollution of drinking water in the absence of uniform requirements to the composition and properties of drinking water globally, that is bound to the need to take into account the national peculiarities of drinking water supply within the separate countries. As promising directions for improving regulation of drinking water quality there are noted: the development of new standards for prioritized water pollution, periodic review ofstandards after appearance of the new scientific data on the biological action of substances, the use of the concept of risk, the harmonization of the normative values and the assessment of the possibility of introduction into the practice the one more criterion of profitableness of population water use--the bioenergetic state of the water.

[Study of cytogenetic and cytotoxic effect of non-contact electrochemically-activated waters in the five organs of rats].

For the first time the multiorgan karyological analysis of five organs of rats was applied for the study of the cytogenetic and cytotoxic action of the four types of non-contact electrochemically activated water in the 30-days in vivo experiment. The effects of investigated waters were not detected in bone marrow polychromatic erythrocytes. "Anolyte" (ORP = -362 mV) did not have a negative effect on rats. "Catholyte-5" (ORP = +22 mV) and "Catholyte-25" (ORP = -60 mV) induced cytogenetic abnormalities in the bladder and fore stomach. The same catholytes and "Catholyte-40" (ORP = -10 mV) changed the proliferation indices: increased the mitotic index in the fore stomach epithelium and reduced the frequency of binucleated cells in the fore stomach, bladder and lungs. The increase in the rate of cells with cytogenetic abnormalities on the background of the promotion of mitotic activity can be considered as a manifestation of the negative effect, typical for catolytes, but the effect of each out of them has its own features.

[Effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the morphofunctional state of the small intestine cells of mice].

The experiment was conducted in male mice SBAchS57Vl/6 and Balb/c, which consumed water, obtained from the use of carbon nanotubes. in a free drinking regimen for 2 weeks (mice SBAchS57Vl/6) and 2 months (mice Balb/c) Control group consisted of three groups of animals: intact and mice received fine coal in the same concentrations as under the impact of the nanotubes. Under exposure to the maximal of the studied concentration of carbon nanotubes a significant change in the fine structure of the villi of the small intestine was found in the form of increasing the number of unstructured villi and proliferation of epithelial cells, most pronounced in duration of exposure until 2 months.

[Hygienic bases for management of bottled drinking water quality].

The paper analyzes the existing normative requirements, by controlling the packaged drinking waters versus tap water; substantiates additions into a list, the regulated levels of a number of indices for this type of products, including those for the waters designed for babies, and the narrowed list of indices for state control. To assure the high quality of finished products, it is shown to be important to perform a sanitary-and-epidemiological study of raw water for pouring and finished products in full conformity with normative documents and to use current water conditioning technologies by the level of major biogenic elements to have physiologically adequate waters of high quality.

[Hygienic bases for listing the indicators for evaluation and control of the safety of drinking water].

The authors describe their developed methodology to draw up lists for drinking water quality control on the whole territory of the Russian Federation and at specific waterworks of its subjects. The paper considers a 4-step scheme for applying the methodology and a possibility of its use to add and shorten the lists, by keeping in mind the local sanitary situation. The proposed scheme for listing the priority substances and indicators may be regarded as the optimal solution for equalization of mutually exclusive trends in the quality control of drinking water by a sanitary service and water canals and ensures its safety to human health, reasonably focusing attention only on the minimum of actually priority substances that are individual to each water supply system.

[Reactions of different cell populations of rats to intake of waters treated with physical methods].

A 6-month experiment was carried out to study the reactions of different cell populations of the testicle and duodenum of rats and the gastrointestinal tract of volunteers to the intake of 3 waters treated by physical methods: water conditioned with electric pulsed discharges; 2 waters obtained using energoinformational technologies: Grander water (Austria) and immunomodulated water Renorm (Russia). The test waters treated by physical methods were shown to have no negative effect or a positive effect on animals and man. Three used procedures to evaluate different gastrointestinal tract portions (oral and intestinal mucosae) of rats and volunteers revealed the preservation of the mucosal epithelium when Grander and Renorm waters are taken in doses.

[Impact of the structuredness of water on the formation of its biological activity against leukocyte phagocytic activity and cell-mediated immunity].

The effects of waters of varying structuredness on the body's immunological responsiveness were investigated. Long-term intake of highly-structured waters was shown to lead to the stimulation of delayed hypersensitivity reaction and the activation of leukocyte phagocytic activity.

[A cause of the abnormal properties of melt water].

The physicochemical properties and crystal structure of melt water were studied. Melt water was found to be in the active metastable state with the non-equilibrium concentration of hydrogen and hydroxyl. The biological activity of such water is accounted for by its small sizes of supramolecular complexes. Films of structural formations were first obtained and their acoustic emission in the homogeneous medium recorded.

[Analytical control of organic impurities in the drinking and bottled water after its contact with a pack and filters made from polymer materials].

The paper provides the results of gas chromatographic analysis of organic impurities in the drinking water after its contact with various packs and filters made from polymer materials. Vapor-phase analysis in combination with selective gas chromatographic detectors was used to determine volatile substances and liquid extraction in combination with chromatographic mass-spectrometry was employed to identify high-boiling compounds. The release sources of toxic compounds from materials to water, the taste and odor of which is affected by them were studied.

[Effect of the drinking water changed by the hydrogen-oxygen composition on some biochemical parameters of experimental animals].

The biological action of the drinking waters containing different deuterium levels (7, 30, 60, 90, 250, and 1000 mg/l) on the activity of N-acetyl-b-D-glucosaminidase, catalase, the content of triglycerides in the serum and liver was studied in a chronic (12-month) experiment on outbred albino mature male rats. The animals taking the water containing 145 mg/l of deuterium were chosen as a control group. The biochemical studies showed the negative effect of the waters on some links of the organism's defense of the organism. The most pronounced changes were noted in the group of animals taking the water containing 1000 mg/l of deuterium.

[Cryophysical method for estimating the content of structured-phase water].

The paper provides evidence for the principle of calculating the content of water bound states from the quantity of gases evolved during a cryophysical process. A cryophysical procedure has been developed to estimate the degree of water structuredness, by calculating the index from the mean values and spatial variance characteristics.

[Effect of containers material on the structure of water in its storage].

When water is stored, the material of crockery is of vital importance as it affects the properties of water. Contacting the material having a crystalline structure causes water structurization and uncrystalline materials (plastic and enamel ware) fail to maintain the structural property of water or destruct the property in storage. Ceramic foodware positively affects the structure of water although there is a significant increase in the content of its structurized fraction only in just 2 days. The water storage type that is optimal and most acceptable in private life is glassware in diffused sunlight that causes positive water structural changes increasing by day 2. Addition of a metallic component, silver in particular, enhances the process of water structurization. The worst type is plastic ware water storage.

[Important problems of high quality drinking water supply, and the ways of their solution].

The article covers the results of experimental and natural studies concerning important directions in the field of drinking water supply, including such aspects as: research into and classification of the barrier role of conventional and prospective technologies of water preparation in terms of chemical and biological pollution; revision of the standards of drinking water quality control in accordance with international documents; the main aspects of revision of the general conception of high quality water supply, within which hygienic requirements concerning the quality of prepackaged waters and the ranking of different techniques of water preparation used in water purification units, have been developed for the first time. The authors present the results of experimental studies on the patterns of disinfection, purification, and conditioning of drinking water quality using energetic- and-information technologies of water preparation.

[Structural and functional assessment of the body's status after consumption of the waters treated with various technologies].

The use of waters treated by different technologies was studied in animals and volunteers. Rats were used to study the use of the immunomodulated water "Renorm" alone and in combination with ozone-sorption treated Moscow tap water in a dilution of 1:10, that of the bottled water "Grander" (Austria) in combination with ozone-sorption treated Moscow tap water in a dilution of 1: 4 or 1:40; that of the water prepared by the Grander technology through a shower device when, after ozone-sorption purification, Moscow tap water was passed through a Grander shower device at a rate of 1 liter per min or 500 ml per 30 sec; that of the water electrochemically treated by an Izumrud (Emerald) installation. Moscow tap water served as a control for all waters and was Moscow dechlorinated water after ozone-sorption purification, by passing Moscow tap water from a tap into a 3-liter vessel through a household ozone device for 5 min and then passing it through a household coal filter (500 ml). "Troitsa" water also served as a control for Renorm water and as the basis for the water physically treated. The nasal and oral cytological status was followed up in different periods (before and a month after water use and 1, 2, and 6 months following a monthly use) in different groups of volunteers: control and placebo groups, and in the groups of the examinees after using the waters treated by energy-informational technologies (Renorm), and by the Grander technology. Experimental studies have revealed that the consumption of the waters in question not merely fails to cause negative changes in the viscera, but also improves a number of structural and functional indices and, in the volunteers, the use of the waters treated by the energy-informational technologies enhances the protective function of tissue barriers, such as the mucosae of the nose and mouth, by diminishing inflammatory reactions in these organs. Thus, both field and experimental studies have demonstrated that the use of the waters treated by different technologies results in structural and functional improvements.

["Copy-pair" model for calculating the effect of the water factor on the health status of residents in an epidemiological study]. / Modeli "kopiia-para" dlia vychleneniia vliianiia vodnogo faktora na sostoianie zdorov'ia naseleniia v épidemiologicheskom issledovanii.

The paper presents the results of testing 4 main models of copy-pair examinations in some cities and towns of the country, which have been recommended for singling out the influence of a water factor on human health in epidemiological surveys. A locality with varying water supply (drinking water quality) in its different parts is shown to be methodologically the best model.

[Methods of preclinical diagnosis of ecologically-caused diseases]. / Metody donozologicheskoi diagnostiki ékologicheski obuslovlennykh zabolevanii.

Based on their studies, the authors have proposed simple and easy-to-use methods for preclinical diagnosis of environment-related diseases.

[Sanitary and technological solutions of the elimination of iodine deficiency by iodination of drinking water]. / Gigienicheskie i tekhnologicheskie resheniia problemy ustraneniia iodnogo defitsita putem iodirovaniia pit'evoi vody.

Comprehensive studies of the sanitary standards provided research evidence for the maximum allowable concentrations of iodine in the drinking water by taking into account its daily allowances dose and the formation of transformation by-products due to iodine disinfection, drinking water preservation, and iodine deficiency prevention in the endemic areas. Techniques of water iodination have been devised and tested in the experimental and industrial setting, including those for packaging drinking water, as well as those by using portable water purifiers based on highly effective iodine-selective adsorptive compounds which make it possible to solve the task of administering iodine dosages into the water (with allowances born in mind), under domestic conditions as well.