Morphofunctional study of the therapeutic efficacy of human mesenchymal and neural stem cells in rats with diffuse brain injury.

We studied the effect of transplantation of human stem cells from various tissues on reparative processes in the brain of rats with closed craniocerebral injury. Combined treatment with standard drugs and systemic administration of xenogeneic stem cells had a neuroprotective effect. The morphology of neurons rapidly returned to normal after administration of fetal neural stem cells. Fetal mesenchymal stem cells produced a prolonged effect on proliferative activity of progenitor cells in the subventricular zone of neurogenesis. Adult mesenchymal stem cells had a strong effect on recovery of the vascular bed in ischemic regions.

Modification of delayed radiation-induced reactions of duodenal vessels and mast cells in old rats.

Pronounced ultrastructural changes in vessels and mast cells were observed in duodenal lamina propria of Wistar rats 1 year after single whole-body gamma-irradiation in a dose of 7.5 Gy. Inhibition of adrenocortical function with methopyrone reduced structural damage and improved animal survival.

[Antimutagenic hypoxen activity in vivo]. / Izuchenie antimutagennoi aktivnosti gipoksena in vivo.

The antimutagen effect of the drug hypoxen, representing poly(2,5-dihydroxyphenylene)-4-thiosulfonic acid sodium salt, was studied by chromosome aberration assay in the bone marrow cells of C57BL/6 mice. Hypoxen (20 mg/kg, i.p.) administered simultaneously with dioxidine (300 mg/kg, i.p.) reduced genotoxicity of the latter compound by 35% over a time period of 24 h. Preliminary five-day administration of hypoxen (70 mg/kg, p.o.) did not decrease the dioxidine damage. The genoprotector activity of hypoxen upon interaperitoneal injection is more pronounced as compared to that of the reference drug sladex (aspartam).

Gut neuroendocrine cells: relationship to the proliferative activity and apoptosis of mucous epitheliocytes in aging.

OBJECTIVES: Diffuse neuroendocrine system (DNES) cells regulate homeostasis via neurocrine, endocrine and paracrine mechanisms. Extensive effects of peptide hormones and biogenic amines necessitate studying of DNES cell biology in aging. In this connection, the functional morphology of gut neuroendocrine cells (NEC), proliferative activity and apoptosis of mucous epithelial cells in aging have been studied. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was performed on BALB/c-nu mice of 4, 21 and 34 months of age. NEC, proliferative activity and apoptosis of mucous epitheliocytes in stomach and duodenum have been studied by histochemical, immunohistochemical and morphometrical methods. RESULTS: The total number of NEC shows an increasing trend with advancing age. However, the different types of NEC elicit differential patterns. The total number of epithelial cell nuclei does not show any statistically significant difference during aging. The proliferative activity of mucous epitheliocytes also shows no difference among the three animal groups studied. On the contrary, the apoptotic index increases with advancing age. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate that various gut NEC show differential behavior with age and their time-courses are dependent on the site of location (stomach or duodenum). The picture seems quite complex to allow a comprehensive interpretation, nonetheless it gives us some useful indications for further investigation. In fact, since the gut does not show evident gross age-related physiological changes, modifications with age in specific biological parameters can suggest the key mechanisms of compensative regulatory processes possibly acting during aging.

[Origin of the phagocytes of the central nervous system]. / O proiskhozhdenii fagotsitov TsNS.

Presence of cells having hemopoietic origin in an intact tissue and in the lesion focus in the brain of xenogenic (a rat and mice) radiative chimeras has been studied in order to elucidate the sources of phagocytes in the CNS and their relation to the microglial elements. To identify the cells of the hemopoietic origin in the xenogenic radiative chimeras, an indirect immunofluorescent method has been applied using a specific antiserum against nonsoluble antigens of the rat bone marrow cells. In the intact cerebral tissue of the xenogenic radiative chimeras no cells of the donor type have been revealed during one year after irradiation and bone marrow transplantation. The cells having hemopoietic origin (macrophages, leucocytes) are revealed in the lesion locus (inflammatory granuloma) and in the surrounding cerebral tissue. A suggestion is made that phagocytes in the CNS lesion focus are of hematogenic origin and that there is not any histogenic connection between the microglia and the system of mononuclear phagocytes.

[Cells of hematopoietic origin in the connective tissue of various organs in xenogeneic murine radiation chimeras]. / Kletki krovetvornogo proiskhozhdeniia v soedinitel'noi tkani raznykh organov ksenogennykh myshinykh radiatsionnykh khimer.

The distribution of donor cells in the connective tissue of different organs of xenogeneic (rat in mouse) radiation chimaeras was studied under the normal conditions and upon its de novo formation. The donor cells were identified by means of indirect immunofluorescent method with the use of specific antiserum against surface antigens of the rat bone marrow cells. It was shown that macrophages of subcutaneous connective tissue, lung alveolar macrophages, Kuppfer's cells, macrophages of intestinal mucosa in the long living radiochimaeras were represented by the donor cells. The fibroblast-like cells of donor origin were found in the subcutaneous loose connective tissue, among the connective tissue elements of cross striated muscles, in the cardiac muscle, in the intestinal mucosa. The repopulation of Peyer's patches of the radiochimaeras by the donor cells was demonstrated. The macrophages of hemopoietic origin (donor origin) were found in the inflammatory granuloma in the brain cortex. The donor cells were found in the connective tissue of mammary glands following the hormonal stimulation. Differences were found with respect to binding of the antiserum used to cells of the capsule around the foreign body in different organs of xenogeneic chimaeras.