Optimizing ischemic preconditioning for esophagogastric anastomosis: A standardized rat model to evaluate histological changes.

INTRODUCTION: A reproducible and simple model is essential for verifying gastric conduit vitality before esophagectomy. Ischemia is a major cause of esophagogastric anastomotic dehiscence and leakage. Ischemic conditioning of the stomach prior to esophageal surgery has been shown to lower the incidence of postoperative complications, including anastomotic leakage. However, the optimal timing and technique of ischemization remain uncertain. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=24) were randomly divided into four groups: ischemic group - samples collected 1 hour after ischemia (I1H), ischemic group - samples collected 1 day after ischemia (I1D), ischemic group - samples collected 7 days after ischemia (I7D), and control group (C). Ischemia was induced by ligation of the left gastric (LGA) and short gastric arteries (SGA). The samples were verified using histological and macroscopic analysis, and the number and percentage of immunocompetent cells were determined. RESULTS: One hour after ischemization (I1H), ischemic denudation with mucosal erosion was observed, and the total number of eosinophils was significantly higher (p.

Ashermans syndrome: the description of two case reports.

OBJECTIVE: To point out the importance of proper indication and careful performance of intrauterine surgical procedures. To highlight the key role of early diagnostic and treatment of intrauterine adhesions. SETTING: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospitals of Pardubice Region, Chrudim Hospital. Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General University Hospital in Prague and 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles university. DESIGN: Case report. METHODS: The description of 2 different cases of the patients with the Asherman´s syndrome. CONCLUSION: Ashermans syndrome is a serious condition with complicated treatment and uncertain prognosis regarding fertility. Primary prevention as well as timely diagnosis and treatment seems to be crucial in the management of this patology. Keywords Ashermans syndrome, intrauterine adhesions, surgical revision of uterine cavity, hysteroscopy.

Rosiglitazone shows partial oncostatic effect in rat mammary carcinogenesis.

Peroral antidiabetics from thiazolidinedione (glitazone) group showed oncostatic effects in preclinical models. This study evaluated chemopreventive effects of rosiglitazone in N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced mammary carcinogenesis in rats. N-methyl-N-nitrosourea was administered in two intraperitoneal doses each per 50 mg/kg b.w. between 40th and 51st postnatal days. Rosiglitazone was administered in a diet at a concentration of 10 ppm and 100 ppm, respectively, 9 days before the first carcinogen dose until the termination of the experiment. During the experiment the animals were weekly weighed and palpated for the presence of mammary tumors and estimation of latency period, tumor frequency per group and animal, and tumor volume were recorded. The experiment was terminated 16 weeks after the first carcinogen dose, basic tumor growth parameters and selected metabolic and hormonal variables were evaluated. Chemoprevention with higher rosiglitazone dose decreased tumor frequency per group by 44%, other tumor parameters (incidence, tumor frequency per animal) were decreased insignificantly (at both doses), latency period was not changed. Rosiglitazone administration decreased cumulative tumor volume, more efficiently at lower dose. Glycaemia and insulinaemia decreased after lower rosigitazone dose administration but glycaemia did not exceed normal values. Higher rosiglitazone dose alleviated some metabolic alterations resulting from cancer progression more effectively but induced a prominent cardiac hypertrophy.

Comparative analysis of NADPH-diaphorase positive neurons in the rat, rabbit and pheasant thoracic spinal cord. A histochemical study.

The distribution of NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) activity was investigated and compared in the rat, rabbit and pheasant thoracic spinal cord. The investigation of all spinal cord regions (laminae) in three experimental species revealed marked differences in the distribution of NADPH-d activity. Cross sectional analysis of the spinal cord of the rat, rabbit and pheasant confirmed differences in the shape of the gray matter in all examined species. More detailed investigation of Rexed's laminas showed similar distribution of NADPH-d activity in the spinal cord of the rat and rabbit, which were different when compared with the spinal cord of the pheasant. Ventral horn of the rat and rabbit showed no labelling whereas in pheasant this area possessed a number of scattered, intensively stained neurons. In the location of autonomic preganglionic neurons, differences were found as well. In the rat there was seen a number of densely packed, clearly dark blue coloured neurons. Similarly, these neurons were present in the rabbit spinal cord but they were less numerous. No staining was found in this region of pheasant. Pericentral area (lamina X) and intermediate zone (laminaVII) revealed the presence of NADPH-d positive neurons in all examined species although they differed in number and shape of their bodies. The dorsal horn showed the presence of NADPH-d staining in all three animals but its distribution was different in medio-lateral direction. It can be suggested that observed differencies in the presence and distribution of NADPH-d activity across the examined species may reflect different fylogenetic development.

[Coexistence of cholinergic and nitrergic neurotransmitters in the spinal cord of rabbits]. / Koexistencia cholínergického a nitrergického neurotransmitera v mieche králika.

Nitric oxide (NO) plays a major role as a neuronal messenger molecule. NO has been assumed to act as a retrograde signalling molecule that modulates transmitter release. Acetylcholine (ACh) is known to function as a typical neurotransmitter. In the present work the presence of both transmitters (NO and ACh) and their possible relations in the rabbit spinal cord were examined. In our experiments histochemical methods for the visualisation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and NADPH diaphorase (NADPH-d) were used. Both histochemical methods were performed separately and together on the same sections of the thoracic spinal cord. NADPH-d positive dark blue stained neurons were mainly detected in superficial and deep layers of dorsal horn, preganglionic autonomic neurons and pericentral area (1). The presence of AChE positive amber yellow neurons was confirmed mostly in motoneurons located in ventral horns and then in neurons of the intermediate zone. Except for the above mentioned also double-labeled neurons containing both yellow and dark blue histochemical product were noticed. Their presence was confirmed in the intermediate zone and in the pericentral area. Thus, the coexistence of NADPH-d and AChE was confirmed in the area of interneurons. These observations suggest that NO may play a role in the control of cholinergic neuronal activity and that NO can be involved in the modulation of synaptic transmission. (Fig. 9, Ref. 21.)

[Laminar distribution of NADPH-diaphorase in the thoracic spinal cord in pheasants]. / Laminárna distribúcia NADPH-diaforázy v hrudníkovej mieche bazanta.

BACKGROUND: The distribution of NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) activity was investigated in the spinal cord of pheasants. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Histochemical method for visualization of NADPH-d was used in this study. This method is considered to be a good marker for NO synthase. RESULTS: The investigation of NADPH-d activity in laminae of the thoracic spinal cord of pheasants revealed the presence of scattered intensively stained neurons in laminae VIII and IX of the ventral horn. In the location of autonomic preganglionic neurons, no presence of NADPH-d positivity was noticed. The pericentral area (lamina X) and intermediate zone (lamina VII) showed NADPH-d positive neurons located more dorsally with larger distance from the central canal. In superficial layers of the dorsal horn (lamina I and II) marked differences were seen in the distribution of NADPH-d activity through the medio-lateral direction. CONCLUSION: In summary, it can be suggested that the observed presence of NADPH-d activity may reflect the utilization of NO in the thoracic part of the spinal cord in pheasants. (Fig. 5, Ref. 20.)

[Variation in the localization of NADPH-d positive neurons in the gray matter of the spinal cord in different species]. / Odlisnosti v lokalizácii NADPH-d pozitívnych neurónov v sivej hmote miechy jednotlivých druhov.

The presence of NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) activity was investigated in the thoracic part of rat, rabbit and pheasant spinal cords. Histochemical method for visualization of NADPH-d was used in this study. The comparison between all spinal cord regions (laminae) in three experimental species revealed marked differences. Especially in the ventral horn, the presence of NADPH-d activity was different. While the pheasant ventral horn possessed number of scattered intensively stained neurons, the rat and rabbit showed no NADPH-d activity in this region. Pericentral area (lamina X), intermediate zone (lamina VII) and dorsal horn revealed the presence of NADPH-d positive neurons in all examinated species although they differed in the distribution of NADPH-d activity. In summary, it can be suggested that the observed differences in the presence and distribution of NADPH-d activity among species may reflect their different phylogenetic development. As a consequence, different NO function in spinal cord of various species can be presumed. (Fig. 10, Ref. 28.)

[NADPH-positive neural structures in the spleen in pheasants]. / Neurálne struktúry pozitívne na NADPH-diaforázu v slezine bazanta.

This study analyzes results of the presence of NADPH-diaphorase in neural structures of the pheasant spleen. The histochemical method of NADPH-d has been used as a marker of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). The NADPH-d positivity shows the specific sites of nitric oxide (NO), which is considered to be one of the new important neuromodulator. We have demonstrated the presence of NADPH-d positive nerve structures in the spleen of the pheasant. Nerve fibers and nerve cells have shown positively the reaction to NADPH-diaphorase. NADPH-d positive nerve fibres enter the spleen in the vicinity of blood vessels, gradually distributed in perivascular localization in the white pulp, reaching the central artery. NADPH-d positive nerve cells have been localized at the hilus of the spleen around splenic vessels. They were polygonal in shape and they occurred as solitary or numerous cells, forming ganglia. We have not found any NADPH-d positive nerve structures in both the red pulp and capsula. The presence of NADPH-d activity in nerve cells and nerve fibres suggests the utilization of NO in the spleen of the pheasant. (Fig. 4, Ref. 16.)