ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: We retrospectively assessed our experience with ureteroscopy (URS) for ureteric calculi in prepubertal children. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The records of all children who underwent URS at our institution for ureteral calculi between September 2007 and July 2009 were retrospectively reviewed. Patient demographics, stone location and size, pre- and postoperative stenting, intraoperative active dilatation, stone-free rates and complications were noted. RESULTS: A total of 26 patients (20 males and 6 females; mean age 59.9 months) underwent 30 URS procedures with rigid ureteroscopes for 31 ureteral calculi. The mean size of ureteral stones was 8.6 mm. A total of 18 URS procedures were performed without any active ureteral dilatation, and 8 patients underwent 12 passive dilatations of initially inaccessible ureters. Stents remained in place for 2-4 weeks. The stone-free rate was 84.6% for all patients and all procedures. Postoperatively, 12 patients (46%) had stent placement for 2-5 days because of stone burden, edema of the ureteral orifice and hematuria. CONCLUSIONS: URS treatment of ureteral stones without active dilatation can be performed safely and effectively in prepubertal children. Passive ureteral dilatation might be necessary in some cases to enable ureteral access.
Subject(s)
Ureteral Calculi/surgery , Ureteral Calculi/therapy , Ureteroscopy/methods , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Hysteroscopes , Male , Pediatrics/methods , Postoperative Complications , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Ultrasonography/methods , Urology/methodsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of erythropoietin on torsion/detorsion injury in rats. METHODS: Forty rats were divided randomly into 5 groups: group I (sham, S), sham operation; group II (torsion/detorsion 1, T/D(1)), 3 hours ischemia and 1 hour reperfusion; group III (torsion/detorsion 2, T/D(2)), 3 hours ischemia and 48 hours reperfusion; group IV (erythropoietin 1, EPO(1)), 3 hours ischemia, 1 hour reperfusion, and a single dose of EPO; and group V (erythropoietin 2, EPO(2)), 3 hours ischemia, 48 hours reperfusion, and 2 doses of EPO. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels and activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were measured. Tissue damage to ovarian tissue was scored by histologic examination. Data were compared among groups with parametric tests. RESULTS: The MDA levels in the S and EPO groups were significantly lower than the T/D groups (P < .001). Catalase and superoxide dismutase activities, and NO levels in the S and EPO groups were significantly higher than in the T/D groups (P < .05). Ovarian tissue damage in the S and EPO groups was significantly less than in the T/D groups (P < .05). Levels of all biochemical markers and ovarian tissue damage scores were similar among the S, EPO(1), and EPO(2) groups (P > .05). CONCLUSION: Erythropoietin attenuates ischemia-reperfusion injury when given during the acute phase of ovarian torsion-detorsion in a rat model.
