The combined treatment of transplantable solid mammary carcinoma in Wistar rats by use of photodynamic therapy and cysteine proteinase inhibitor.

Numerous studies have shown that lysosomal proteinases play an important role in carcinogenesis. The enzymatic activity of tumor-associated proteases is counter-balanced by specific inhibitors. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a technique which involves photoexcitation of sensitizing drugs retained in neoplastic tissue that is subsequently destroyed. Intraperitoneal injections of hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD) were given at a dose of 20 mg/kg in rats transplanted with mammary carcinoma. A halogen lamp was used 24 hours later at 630 +/- 20 nm and total dose--200 J/sq.cm. Cysteine proteinase inhibitor (CPI) was dissolved in saline and injected subcutaneously in doses of 50 mg and 200 mg per animal. The effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated with regard to survival time and tumor response and to depth of necrosis. In several cases tumors completely disappeared following HpD-PDT + CPI. The number of complete tumor responses was higher when PDT + 200 mg of CPI was used, i.e. 6 out of 10 rats. Promising results have also been obtained with regard to survival time of treated animals and to induction of tumor necrosis. We may presume that a combination of PDT and proteinase inhibitors could be a useful tool in further anticancer studies and, hopefully, in anticancer therapy.

Tumor histopathology following new sensitizers: dithiaporphyrin- and sulfoxaporphyrin-mediated photodynamic therapy.

BACKGROUND: Our main aim was to evaluate tumor histopathology following new sensitizer-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In order to complete our studies we decided to use photosensitizers, i.e. dithiaporphyrin (DTP) and sulfoxaporphyrin (OXA) in combination with halogen lamp irradiation of presensitized tumors. The doses of sensitizers were: 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 mg/kg of body weight and total light doses were: 50, 100 and 150 J/sq.cm at the selected wavelength. Following such a treatment we have evaluated tumor necrosis of BFS1 fibrosarcoma growing on BALB/c mice. Together with tumor necrosis evaluation we have examined skin response to photodynamic treatment. RESULTS: We have found that both new sensitizers caused significant tumor damage at no skin alterations. The induction of tumor necrosis seemed to be dose dependent, i.e. higher photodynamic doses (sensitizer dose x light dose) resulted in more severe damage to the tumors than the lower doses. CONCLUSION: Our study showed that BFS1 fibrosarcoma is highly sensitive to PDT after application of new sensitizers. Both compounds can be considered as potent tumor photosensitizers in future clinical trials.

In vivo tumor necrosis factor-alpha induction following chlorin e6-photodynamic therapy in Buffalo rats.

Photodynamic therapy may induce in the in vivo conditions the cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha in Buffalo rats. The sensitizer, i.e. chlorin e6, in the doses 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 mg/kg of body weight followed by light treatment with total doses 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 J/cm2 resulted in the increase of serum levels of the cytokine. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha have been determined at different time points using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In control animals these levels did not exceed the mean value of 189 pg/ml, whereas in photodynamically treated rats the levels were almost 3-4 times higher. The entire experiment has been carried out on healthy animals; control, tumor-bearing rats have also been included to the present experiment.

5,20-bis(4-sulphophenyl)-10,15-bis (2-methoxy-4-sulphophenyl)-21-thiaporphyrin as a new potent sensitizer in photodynamic therapy.

The main purpose of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of a new photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy. 5,20-bis(4-sulphophenyl)-10,15-bis (2-methoxy-4-sulphophenyl)-21-thiaporphyrin (21-thiaporphyrin) was compared to chlorin e6 and tetra(m-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin (m-THPP) for its ability to sensitize tumors and skin to light. Chlorin e6 and m-THPP induced a strong tumor and skin photosensitization. In contrast, the same doses of 21-thiaporphyrin produced no skin sensitization and gave approximately 10 mm tumor necrosis after light exposure, in comparison to the 5-6 mm necrosis induced by chlorin e6 or m-THPP under identical conditions. 21-Thiaporphyrin, tested as a potential photosensitizer, induced no skin sensitization even at doses as high as 7.5 mg/kg body weight. 21-Thiaporphyrin presents a high potency in tumor sensitizing, i.e. a feature required for an efficient photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy applications.

Photodynamic therapy of transplantable interstitioma testis in Wistar rats; histopathological examination after Evans blue injections.

The following examination was carried out confirm the effect of Photodynamic Therapy on tumor damage induction in Wistar rats. 20 male Wistar rats bearing interstitioma testis with mean diameter of 2 cm were treated with Photodynamic Therapy, i.e. injected intravenously with alkaline solution of meta-tetra-hydroxyphenyl-porphyrin in dose of 5 mg/kg of body weight and after 24 hrs the tumors were irradiated with red light (650 nm). 2 hrs later these rats were injected intravenously with dye, i.e. 1% solution of Evans Blue in volume of 5 ml per one rat. After next 2 hrs animals were sacrificed. Necrosis areas in tumors were evaluated both on routine paraffin embedded sections without Evans Blue injections, stained with HE only and on paraffin sections from sample containing dye alone. There was the significant increase in necrosis size in treated tumors in comparison to untreated controls or tumors that were given photosensitizer, i.e. porphyrin or light alone. Present data indicate positive role of Photodynamic Therapy on interstitioma testis necrosis induction in Wistar rats.

[Spiradenoma apo- et eccrinale mammae--a report of 3 cases]. / Spiradenoma apo- et eccrinale mammae--opis 3 przypadków.

We have described three cases of benign sweat gland adenoma in woman's breast defined in latin terminology as spiradenoma apo- et eccrinale mammae, causing many diagnostic difficulties both in clinical and histologic analysis.

[A case of actinomycosis of the sigmoid in a 41-year-old woman with a clinical appearance of cancer]. / Przypadek promienicy esicy u 41-letniej kobiety nasuwajacy kliniczne podejrzenie raka.

A case of sigmoid actinomycosis is described in a women aged 41 years in whom clinical and intraoperative diagnosis was that of carcinoma. Laparotomy was performed with resection of the sigmoid with the tumour.