Correlation of conventional and liquid-based cytology and their meaning in management of precancerous cervical lesions.

AIM: Introduction of efficiency of liquid-based citoscreen cytology METHOD: Conventional cytology with Papanicolaou method and comparison with novel cytology liquid-based method in women with histological findings associated to Human Papilloma Virus praecancerous lesions for "gold standard" method. RESULTS: 100 women with praecancerous cervical lesions were included in the study. In all of the women, biopsy and endocervical curettage were made, and histological results were taken as a "gold standard". From the histology: LSIL was found in 64 women (64%) and HSIL in 36 women (36%). In LSIL, in 8 women the lesions are associated with existence of HPV or with coilocitic atipya and the other 56 women were with CIN 1. In group with HSIL, in 26 women was found CIN 2, 6 women were with CIN 3 and 4 women with CIS. In all women from both groups, conventional PAP and LBC cytoscreen were made. The results from conventional PAP were adequate in 42 women (42%), sub diagnosis in 34 (34%), over diagnosis in 10 (10%) and false-negative in 14 (14%). The results from LBC cytoscreen were adequate in 56 (56%), sub diagnosis in 22 (22%), over diagnosis in 16 (16%) and false-negative in 6 (6%). Sensitivity for PAP test is 84% and for LBC 94%. CONCLUSION: LBC cytoscreen method is better than the conventional PAP test in detection of the cervical epithlial abnormalities.

Operative treatment of cervical premalignant lesions and the presence of high-risk human papilloma virus as etiologic agent.

The conization as an excisional method is used as an operative treatment of high-risk premalignant cervical lesions. Early detection and removal may stop the developing process that leads to invasive carcinoma. The study presents a group of 100 women, operated with "cold knife" conization during the year 2002 at the 1st Operative Oncologic Department of the Gynecology and Obstetrician Clinic - Medical Faculty, Skopje. The operative material showed CIN 2 in 2 and CIN 3 in 31 women. In 7 of them, CIN 3 lesions were removed by punch biopsy or ECC, thus the cone showed only CIN 2. In two women out of the total of 67 with the preoperative diagnosis of CIS, CIN 3 lesions were postoperatively diagnosed. This is the result of the adequate punch biopsy during the diagnostic procedure. Three cones showed Ca microinvasivum and other 3 displayed Ca invasivum which then needed other surgical treatment. In 93 % of the women the conization had a therapeutic effect and in 7 % it was only of diagnostic value. HPV testing was made in 55 out of the operatively treated women. The most common type HPV 16 was identified in 27 % of the women. The second was HPV 31 in 25.5 %, then HPV 66 in 14.5 %, HPV 18 in 11%, HPV CP 8304 and HPV 38 in 5.5 %, HPV 58 as well as MM9 in 2 (3.6 %). The dichotomic presence of HPV 31+18 and HPV 6+16 was identified in two women. (Tab. 3, Ref: 10.)

Regional landscape-ecological planning and desertification control in arid regions of the Commonwealth of Independent States.

Scale-dependent present-day landscape mapping and assessment were used to study the relationship among physical environment, land use, and degree of landscape modification in the Aral Sea region and the Karakum Desert, areas prone to desertification in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Applying geographic information system (GIS) techniques at global (1:15,000,000), regional (1:1,000,000), and local (1:300,000) scales, researchers found that large-scale landscape assessment and mapping allow them to recognize landscape changes under desertification processes and assess the type and intensity of these processes. Remote sensing has been widely used to evaluate data reliability, to fill information gaps, and to reveal the dynamics of land use types resulting from landscape changes.