Expression of Leukocytes Following Myocardial Infarction in Rats is Modulated by Moderate White Wine Consumption.

How moderate white wine consumption modulates inflammatory cells infiltration of the ischemic myocardium following permanent coronary ligation was the key question addressed in this study. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given either a combination of different white wines or water only for 28 days. Three peri-infarct/border zones and a control/nonischemic zone were analysed to determine the expression of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and cluster of differentiation 68 (CD68). Smaller expressions for both MPO and CD68 were found in all three peri-infarct zones of wine drinking animals (p < 0.001). There was no difference in the expression of leukocyte markers between animals drinking standard and polyphenol-rich white wine, although for CD68, a nonsignificant attenuation was noticed. In sham animals, a subepicardial MPO/CD68 immunoreactive "inflammatory ring" is described. Standard white wine consumption caused attenuation of the expression of MPO but not of CD68 in these animals. We conclude that white wine consumption positively modulates peri-infarct inflammatory infiltration.

Clinical trials on drug-drug interactions registered in ClinicalTrials.gov reported incongruent safety data in published articles: an observational study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess safety data of trials on drug-drug interactions (DDIs) reported in ClinicalTrials.gov and published in journal articles, since DDIs are a growing concern. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: In an observational study of clinical trials retrieved by the search term "drug-drug interaction(s)," we collected the information on registration and on adverse events (AEs) from ClinicalTrials.gov and corresponding publications. Trials were included if they primarily investigated DDIs, had a National Clinical Trial identifier, and were closed and completed by October 16, 2015. Publication data were extracted until March 2017. RESULTS: Among 1,110 eligible trials, most were in phase 1 (76.8%), industry-funded (68.8%), and started before registration (56.9%). Results were not reported in the registry for 86.8% and not published for 68.1% trials. Published AE data were completely identical to the data submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov for only 15.6% trials. Among 64 trials with results reported both in ClinicalTrials.gov and publications, 34.4% published concordant number for other AEs. CONCLUSION: Discrepancies that emerge from incomplete or changed reporting of AEs in publications emphasize the need to amend and enforce regulatory requirements for timely and complete submission of results, clearer AE reporting for trials focusing on DDIs, and regular assessment of the congruence of AE data submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov and scientific journals during the publication process.

Expression of adhesion molecules on granulocytes and monocytes following myocardial infarction in rats drinking white wine.

Neutrophils and monocytes through their CD15s, CD11b and CD44 adhesion molecules are implicated in the initiation and resolution of cardiac inflammation as well as in healing processes after the myocardial infarction (MI). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of white wine consumption on granulocyte and monocyte CD15s, CD11b, and CD44 expression 24h after the surgically inflicted MI. Granulocytes and monocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry, using whole blood of male Sprague-Dawley rats that consumed white wine for 4 weeks. This group was compared with water only drinking controls, sham animals (subject to surgery without myocardial infarction) and baseline group (intact animals that received no intervention prior to being sacrificed). Sham animals did not differ from baseline animals in CD11b+CD44+ percentage and CD44+ median fluorescence intensity. Wine drinking was associated with striking increase in CD44 expression on monocyte subpopulations. Its expression was three and fourfold increased on monocytes and large monocytes, respectively, relative to the water only drinking controls. Because of known role of CD44 on suppression of post-infarction inflammation, its upregulation on granulocytes and monocytes may significantly contribute to the microenvironment favourable for the cardiac regeneration.

Effects of White Wine Consumption on Weight in Rats: Do Polyphenols Matter?

INTRODUCTION: Effects of white wine and the role of wine polyphenols on weight gain in rats of different age were examined in the 4-week-voluntary-consumption trial. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Biochemically characterized standard (low polyphenols, W) and macerated (high polyphenolic content, PW) white wines were compared. One- and three-month-old Sprague-Dawley male rats (n = 78) were used. Each age group was subdivided into water-only-drinking controls (C), W, and PW-drinking animals. Daily wine and total liquid consumption, food intake, and body weight were measured, and energy intake and feed efficiency index were calculated. RESULTS: In both age categories, wine-drinking animals consumed less food and gained less weight in comparison to C (181 ± 2, 179 ± 6, and 201 ± 5 in younger animals and 32 ± 5, 28 ± 6, and 47 ± 4 grams in older animals, resp.), regardless of wine type. Total energy intake was the lowest in PW-drinking animals. CONCLUSION: Wine-drinking animals gained less weight in comparison to C, regardless of the wines' polyphenol content. Although our results are indicative of the major role of nonphenolic constituents of the wines (probably ethanol), the modifying role of wine phenolics on weight gain cannot be excluded as the group consuming PW had lower total energy intake than other groups.

White Wine Consumption Influences Inflammatory Phase of Repair After Myocardial Infarction in Rats.

Effects of white wine (WW) consumption on the expression of inflammatory markers/mediators (MMP-2, MMP-9, NF-ĸB p65 and TGF-ß1) in myocardial tissue after experimentally induced permanent myocardial ischemia was investigated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given either a combination of WW and water or only water, for 28 days. After coronary ligation, animals were left to survive for 24 hours. Three representative areas: infarct/ischemic, peri-infarct/border zone, and control/non-ischemic zones were analyzed for expression of immunoreactivity by measuring the threshold area % of signal density. For MMP-9, significantly smaller expression was found in all 3 zones of wine drinking animals (P < 0.001). There was no difference in MMP-2 immunoreactivity between the 2 groups, except in peri-infarct zones, where the signal was significantly decreased (P < 0.001). The same pattern of expression was found for the NF-κB p65 signal, although no differences between experimental groups were observed for TGF-ß1. White wine consumption decreases the expression of the 3 investigated inflammatory markers/mediators in the peri-infarct zone, suggesting its significant modulatory effect. For MMP-9 and MMP-2, expression was similar to the effect of postischemic reperfusion. No effect on TGF-ß1 was observed, highlighting its role in being the master-switch, changing from the inflammatory to the proliferative stage of infarct healing.