ABSTRACT
Skin and hair are both notable and noticeable accessory targets of chemotherapy and can become a point of discussion when your patient asks, "Is this problem happening because of my chemo?" This article will attempt to assist physicians in recognizing and answering this question.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects , Hair Diseases/chemically induced , Hair/drug effects , Skin Diseases/chemically induced , Skin/drug effects , HumansABSTRACT
A 16-year-old boy with anorexia nervosa and EhlersDanlos syndrome presented with spontaneous pneumomediastinum and bradycardia.Although prior occurrences of pneumomediastinum and visceral perforations have been reported in adolescents with isolated anorexia nervosa or EhlersDanlos syndrome, to our knowledge this is the first instance to be noted in a patient with both conditions.We explore several possibilities regarding the etiology of his mediastinal air, but ultimately conclude that it was the existence of EhlersDanlos syndrome in the presence of anorexia nervosa that led to the development of this dangerous condition.
Subject(s)
Anorexia Nervosa/diagnosis , Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome/diagnosis , Adolescent , Anorexia Nervosa/complications , Anorexia Nervosa/diagnostic imaging , Bradycardia/diagnosis , Bradycardia/etiology , Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome/complications , Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome/diagnostic imaging , Humans , Male , Mediastinal Emphysema/diagnosis , Mediastinal Emphysema/etiology , Radiography, ThoracicABSTRACT
Foam cells in the atherosclerotic lesion have substantial cholesterol stores within large, swollen lysosomes. This feature is mimicked by incubating THP-1 macrophages with mildly oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL). Incubation of THP-1 cells with acetylated LDL produces cytoplasmic cholesteryl ester accumulation rather than lysosomal storage. The differences could be due to differences in uptake and delivery of lipoprotein to lysosomes or to lysosomal and post-lysosomal processing events. We compared uptake and lysosomal trafficking of acetylated and oxidized LDL using colloidal gold-labeled lipoproteins. Labeling did not alter cellular cholesterol accumulation. We found that uptake and delivery to lysosomes are not different for acetylated and oxidized LDL. In fact, both oxidized and acetylated LDL can be delivered to the same lysosomes. Sequential incubation with oxidized LDL followed by acetylated LDL showed that the lipid-engorged lysosomes are long-lived structures, continuously accepting newly ingested lipoprotein. Comparison of acetylated and oxidized LDL in mouse peritoneal macrophages, a cell which does not accumulate substantial lysosomal lipid, also revealed no differences in uptake. This indicates that in THP-1 cells, the differences in metabolism of oxidized and acetylated LDL are due to cell-specific lysosomal or post-lysosomal events not present in B6C3F1 mouse macrophages.
