Gut microbiota in mucosa and feces of newly diagnosed, treatment-naïve adult inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome patients.

The knowledge on how gut microbes contribute to the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) at the onset of disease is still scarce. We compared gut microbiota in newly diagnosed, treatment-naïve adult IBD (Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC)) to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients and healthy group. Mucosal and fecal microbiota of 49 patients (13 UC, 10 CD, and 26 IBS) before treatment initiation, and fecal microbiota of 12 healthy subjects was characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Mucosa was sampled at six positions, from terminal ileum to rectum. We demonstrate that mucosal microbiota is spatially homogeneous, cannot be differentiated based on the local inflammation status and yet provides bacterial footprints superior to fecal in discriminating disease phenotypes. IBD groups showed decreased bacterial diversity in mucosa at all taxonomic levels compared to IBS. In CD and UC, Dialister was significantly increased, and expansion of Haemophilus and Propionibacterium characterized UC. Compared to healthy individuals, fecal microbiota of IBD and IBS patients had increased abundance of Proteobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, in particular. Shift toward reduction of Adlercreutzia and butyrate-producing taxa was found in feces of IBD patients. Microbiota alterations detected in newly diagnosed treatment-naïve adult patients indicate that the microbiota changes are set and detectable at the disease onset and likely have a discerning role in IBD pathophysiology. Our results justify further investigation of the taxa discriminating between disease groups, such as H. parainfluenzae, R. gnavus, Turicibacteriaceae, Dialister, and Adlercreutzia as potential biomarkers of the disease.

Patients with Acute Lacunar Infarction Have Benefit from Intravenous Thrombolysis.

INTRODUCTION: Usefulness of intravenous thrombolysis in patients with acute lacunar cerebral infarction is questionable. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous thrombolysis in patients with lacunar infarction in comparison with patients with nonlacunar infarction as well as with patients with lacunar infarction who were not treated with intravenous thrombolysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the first part of the study, among patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with intravenous thrombolysis, characteristics and outcomes of 46 patients with lacunar and 221 patients with nonlacunar infarction were compared. In the second part, 46 patients with lacunar infarction treated with intravenous thrombolysis were compared with 45 lacunar infarction patients who were not treated with intravenous thrombolysis. RESULTS: Patients with lacunar infarction had a lower National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (9.2 versus 13.9, P < .001), a greater Alberta Stroke Program Early computed tomography (CT) score (9.7 versus 9.2, P = .002), a lower prevalence of atrial fibrillation (6.5% versus 41.2%, P < .001), and significantly more frequently an excellent outcome after 3 months (76.1% versus 36.2%, P < .001) compared with patients with nonlacunar infarction. Among patients with lacunar infarction, an excellent outcome at discharge was significantly more frequent in the intravenous thrombolysis group (41.3% versus 15.6%, P = .01), and the length of hospitalization was significantly shorter (9.5 days versus 14.3 days, P = .002). There was no hemorrhagic transformation among patients with lacunar infarction treated with intravenous thrombolysis. CONCLUSION: Intravenous thrombolysis has proven to be effective and safe in patients with lacunar infarction and should always be applied if there are no absolute contraindications.

The Impact of Comorbidity on Rehabilitation Outcome after Ischemic Stroke.

Comorbidity decreases survival but it still remains unknown to what extent functional recovery after ischemic stroke is affected. The aim of this research was to determine the prevalence of the most common comorbidities in patients with ischemic stroke and to examine their predictive value on the functional status and recovery. In order to obtain relevant information for this research, we conducted a prospective study over a two-year period. It included patients with acute/subacute ischemic stroke who had inhospital rehabilitation treatment in our institution. Functional status of the patients was evaluated by the following three aspects at the beginning and at the end of rehabilitation treatment: Rivermead Mobility Index was used for mobility, Barthel Index for independence in activities of daily living, and modified Rankin Scale for total disability. Modified Charlston Comorbidity Index was used to assess comorbidity. Multivariate analysis was applied to evaluate the impact of recorded comorbidities on the patient functional outcome. Independent predictors of rehabilitation success in our study were the value of modified Charlston Comorbidity Index, atrial fibrillation and myocardial infarction. Our study demonstrated that patients with more comorbidities had worse functional outcome after stroke, so it is important to consider the comorbidity status when planning the rehabilitation treatment.