ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: As people become increasingly physically dependent as they make the transition into older age, they may lose the ability to control bodily functions. Problems with eating, voiding and washing can be linked with feelings of disgust and, given the necessity for some of being assisted with intimate care activities, it has been suggested that self-focused disgust and concerns over the disgust of others may become important preoccupations in older people, with the potential to further impair their quality of life. METHOD: In a mixed-methods study, feelings of disgust in 54 physically dependent older adults living in residential homes were investigated. Participants completed measures of disgust sensitivity, mood, and two new scales assessing feelings of self-disgust and perceived other-disgust related to intimate care activities. Six of the residents who reported high levels of self-disgust also participated in semi-structured interviews. RESULTS: Results indicated that disgust was uncommon. Where present, self-disgust was related to perceptions of others' feelings of disgust and general disgust sensitivity. These results were benchmarked against 21 community-dwelling older adults, who reported believing they would feel significantly more disgusting if they were to start receiving assistance. A thematic analysis identified the importance of underlying protective factors, the use of strategies and carer characteristics in ameliorating feelings of disgust. CONCLUSION: The results are discussed with reference to the disgust literature, with recommendations being made for ways in which self-disgust can be minimised in those making the transition to residential homes.
Subject(s)
Affect , Empathy , Homes for the Aged , Nursing Homes , Quality of Life , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Interpersonal Relations , Male , Qualitative Research , Self Report , Statistics, NonparametricABSTRACT
Salicylic acid and aspirin were resolved from the other salicylates in thermally degraded multicomponent tablets and determined quantitatively. The analytical method involved wetting the powdered tablet with acetic acid and diluting with chloroform to extract the drug components. Automated high-pressure liquid chromatographic analyses of filtered extracts were performed on a silica column with a mobile phase of acetic acid in heptane. The method was capable of resolving the major thermally induced transformation products in tablet formulations. It was sensitive to approximately 0.1 mg of salicylic acid/tablet. Good agreement with the compendial method for free salicylic acid was obtained.
Subject(s)
Aspirin , Chemistry, Pharmaceutical , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Drug Stability , SalicylatesABSTRACT
UV spectrophotometry, high-pressure liquid chromatography, and NMR were used to investigate syn-anti isomerization in testosterone 17-enanthate 3-benzilic acid hydrazone. In the crystalline state, the isomeric ratio is dependent on the crystallization solvent. In solutions, including injectable pharmaceutical formulations, an equilibrium isomer mixture (2:1) is formed.
Subject(s)
Testosterone/analogs & derivatives , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Crystallization , Drug Stability , Isomerism , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Solutions , Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet , Testosterone/analysisABSTRACT
A method was developed for the analysis of testosterone 17-enanthate 3-benzilic acid hydrazone, 17-beta-estradiol 3,17-dienanthate, and estradiol benzoate combinations dissolved in an oily vehicle. Testosterone 17-enanthate 3-benzilic acid hydrazone was separated from the other drugs and vehicle components by chromatography on an acetonitrile-infusorial earth column followed by quantitation using UV spectroscopy. The estradiol esters were separated from the oil by an additional chromatographic step using a heptane-silanized infusorial earth column prior to quantitation by GLC. Subjecting formulations to elevated temperatures resulted in detectable losses for testosterone 17-enanthate 3-benzilic acid hydrazone and 17-beta-estradiol 3,17-dienanthate. For both drugs, degradation was due to hydroxysis; the degradation products, testosterone 17-enanthate and 17-beta-estradiol 17-enanthate, did not interfere with the intact drug determination. Methods also were developed to estimate degradation product levels in the formulation.
