ABSTRACT
Preterm birth is a worldwide problem with a high economic impact and morbimortality in children. Therefore, the literature has focused on finding modifiable factors associated with this entity, such as the study "Risk factors associated with preterm birth in a second level hospital," which concluded that "100% of risk factors associated with preterm birth are potentially preventable". Our team reanalyzed the results and found in the regression model that premature rupture of membranes was the only variable associated with preterm birth. This variable is not 100% preventable, so the results found are different from the authors' conclusions.
El parto pretérmino es un problema a nivel mundial que tiene un alto impacto económico y de morbimortalidad en los niños. Por lo tanto, la literatura se ha centrado en encontrar factores modificables asociados a esta entidad, como el estudio de "Factores de riesgo asociados a parto pretérmino en un hospital de segundo nivel de atención", el cual tiene como conclusión que "El 100% de los factores asociados a parto pretérmino son potencialmente prevenibles". Nuestro equipo volvió a analizar los resultados y encontró en el modelo de regresión que la ruptura prematura de membranas fue la única variable asociada a parto pretérmino. Esta variable no es 100% prevenible, por lo que los resultados encontrados son diferentes a las conclusiones de los autores.
Subject(s)
Premature Birth , Infant, Newborn , Child , Female , Humans , Premature Birth/epidemiology , Premature Birth/etiology , Hospitals , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: There is ongoing controversy regarding growth disturbances in younger patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions. Animal models have shown that an injury of 7-9% of the physeal area is a risk factor for growth disturbances. METHODS: A total of 39 magnetic resonance imaging studies of the knee were examined. The proximal tibial physeal area was determined using a calibrated 'region of interest' ligature encompassing the tibial physis in the axial plane. The potential defect left by commonly used drill sizes was calculated as a percentage of the physeal area. RESULTS: A 7-mm drill leaves a mean defect of 1.45% physeal area (range: 1.11-1.89%, SD: 0.28, 95% CI: ±0.09), 8-mm drill leaves a 1.84% mean defect (range: 1.43-2.49%, SD: 0.38, 95% CI: ±0.12) and a 9-mm drill leaves a 2.30% mean defect (range: 1.83-3.19%, SD: 0.58, 95% CI: ±0.17). At 55°, 7-mm drill leaves a mean defect of 1.96% (range: 1.32-2.28%, SD: 0.37, 95% CI: ±0.12), 8-mm drill leaves a mean defect of 2.19% (range: 1.71-2.95%, SD: 0.46, 95% CI: ±0.14) and a 9-mm drill leaves a mean defect of 2.76% (range: 2.16-3.73%, SD: 0.58, 95% CI: ±0.18). There was a statistically significant difference in the tunnel area with a change of drill angle (7-mm drill P = 0.005, 8-mm drill P = 0.001, 9-mm drill P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: On the basis of this study in the context of animal model and observational evidence, the area of physeal injury using drill tunnels for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction would not appear to contribute to potential growth disturbances.
Subject(s)
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries/surgery , Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction/methods , Anterior Cruciate Ligament/diagnostic imaging , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Tibia/growth & development , Adolescent , Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries/diagnosis , Child , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Tibia/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Metabolic syndrome is related with a significant increase in some chronic-degenerative diseases. In the same manner in the postmenopause exist several and metabolic changes. OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of metabolic syndrome in Mexican postmenopausal women that receive or not hormone therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 33 postmenopausal women divided in two groups one without hormone therapy and the other received conjugated equine estrogens plus medroxyprogesterone acetate 0.625/2.5 mg/day. Age was documented; weight, height, waist and hip perimeters as well as blood pressure were analyzed. Body mass index and waist-hip ratio were calculated. Glucose and lipid levels were measured. Statistical analysis was done with Student's test for independent samples for comparison among the groups. RESULTS: Thirty-three patients were studied, 17 were in the group without hormone therapy and 16 in the group with hormone therapy with conjugated equine estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate 0.625/2.5 mg/day were studied. When the groups were compared, the waist perimeter was significantly greater in the group without hormone therapy (98.7 +/- 7.8 cm vs. 92.9 +/- 9.1 cm, respectively, p < 0.05). No significant differences were found between the groups in blood pressure, glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides. Metabolic syndrome diagnostic criteria were completed in 12 patients of group 1 (70.6%) and 8 in group 2 (50%), without statistically significant difference between them. CONCLUSION: Hormone therapy group was associated to a lower abdominal perimeter and a lower waist-hip ratio. This let's suppose that hormone therapy has a beneficial effect on the prevention of metabolic syndrome.
