Psychophysiological responses during the microcycle with the start of the national championship: A case study of a volleyball team

The aim of the study was to monitoring psychophysiological responses among volleyball players in the microcycle with a high-performance competition game scheduled. Methods: Ten male athletes (26.6 ± 5.3 years) from an adult volleyball team participated in the study. The variables session Rating of Perceived Exertion (Session RPE), Total Quality of Recovery scale (TQR), Well-being questionnaire (WB), testosterone, cortisol, and testosterone/cortisol Ratio (T:C ratio) were evaluated during the microcycle before the game. Results: Differences were observed in the daily training load (F = 23.776; p < 0.001), TQR (F = 10.687; p < 0.001), WB (F = 6.736; p < 0.001), cortisol (F = 8.253; p < 0.001) and T:C ratio (F = 3.862; p = 0.01). Conclusion: The behavior of the variables fluctuated with factors such as training load, number of training days and time off, and due to the psychophysiological stress of the match. (AU)

Influence of Workload and Recovery on Injuries in Elite Male Volleyball Players.

ABSTRACT: Timoteo, TF, Debien, PB, Miloski, B, Werneck, FZ, Gabbett, T, and Filho, MGb. Influence of workload and recovery on injuries in elite male volleyball players. J Strength Cond Res 35(3): 791-796, 2021-The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of workload and recovery on injury rates in elite male volleyball players. Data were collected from 14 male professional volleyball players over a 27-week season. Workloads were monitored daily using the session rating of perceived exertion, and recovery status was appraised using the Total Quality Recovery (TQR) scale. The players were exposed to 4,573.31 hours (h) of training and games with an overall injury incidence of 13.99 per 1,000 hours. Overuse accounted for 83% (11.58 injuries/1,000 hours) and trauma accounted for 17% (2.40 injuries per 1,000 hours) of all injuries. There was a higher incidence of injuries (p = 0.003), higher weekly workload (p = 0.008), and acute:chronic workload ratio (ACWR) (p < 0.001) in the pre-season compared with the competitive period. Healthy players had lower ACWR (p = 0.002) compared with the injured players. The TQR was higher for the healthy group compared with the injured group (p < 0.001). The greater odds of injury was related to higher ACWR (risk factor) (p = 0.014) and lower TQR values (p = 0.004) (protection factor). Athlete's workloads and the state of recovery may be related to injuries in volleyball. The results presented in this study emphasize the importance of controlling these variables in professional volleyball teams to prevent injuries.

Training Load and Recovery During a Pre-Olympic Season in Professional Rhythmic Gymnasts.

CONTEXT: Rhythmic gymnastics requires a high level of complexity and perfection of technical gestures, associated with well-developed physical and artistic capacities. The training-load and recovery profiles of rhythmic gymnasts across a season are unknown. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the training load and recovery of professional rhythmic gymnasts during 1 season. DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: Brazilian National Training Center of Rhythmic Gymnastics and competition facilities. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: Eight gymnasts from the Brazilian national senior rhythmic gymnastics group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Session rating of perceived exertion (session-RPE) and total quality recovery (TQR) scores were collected daily for 43 weeks. We obtained the session-RPE after each session and TQR score before the first session of the day. Performances during 5 competitions were also recorded. The season was divided into 8 periods. Total weekly internal training load (wITL), training intensity, frequency, duration, recovery, and acute : chronic workload ratio were calculated for analysis. RESULTS: The season mean wITL was 10 381 ± 4894 arbitrary units, mean session-RPE score was 5.0 ± 1.6, and mean TQR score was 12.8 ± 1.3. The gymnasts trained an average of 8.7 ± 2.9 sessions per week, with a mean duration of 219 ± 36 minutes. Each competitive period showed increased wITL compared with the previous period. Training-load variables (wITL and session-RPE) and recovery were inversely correlated. Gymnasts were poorly recovered (TQR < 13) during 50.9% of the season (n = 167 times), especially during competitive weeks. Spikes in load (acute : chronic workload ratio ≥ 1.5) occurred across 18.1% of the season (n = 55 times). CONCLUSIONS: The training-load variables and recovery changed throughout a professional rhythmic gymnastics group season, mainly during competitive periods. The correct distribution of training load is critical to ensure that gymnasts are entering competitions in a recovered state.

Technical and Tactical Training Load in Professional Volleyball Players.

PURPOSE: To analyze the technical and tactical training load in professional volleyball players, using subjective internal training load (session rating of perceived exertion  [SRPE]) and objective internal training load (training impulse of the heart rate [HR]) and the relationship between them. METHODS: The sample was composed of 15 male professional volleyball players. They were monitored during 37 training sessions that included both technical (n = 23) and tactical (n = 14) training. Technical and training load was calculated using SRPE and training impulse of the HR. RESULTS: Significant correlations were found between the methods in tactical (r = .616) and technical training (r = -.414). Furthermore, it was noted that technical training occurs up to 80% of HRmax (zone 3) and tactical training between 70% and 90% of HRmax (zones 3-4). CONCLUSIONS: The training impulse of the HR method has proved to be effective for training-load control during tactical training. However, it was limited compared with technical training. Thus, the use of SRPE is presented as a more reliable method in the different types of technical training in volleyball.

Training aimed at the development of power and physical performance of futsal players / Treinamento direcionado ao desenvolvimento de potência e desempenho físico de jogadores de futsal

Abstract The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of a training period aimed at the development of lower limb power and physical performance of futsal players. The sample consisted of 10 futsal players from a professional team aged 23.70 ± 5.85 years, 72.33 ± 6.01 kg and 174.40 ± 0.05 cm. Players were monitored for a period of 4 training weeks, corresponding to the beginning of the competitive period. During this period, physical training sought to improve lower limb power. At the beginning and end of the training period, the following tests were performed: Squat jump (SJ), Countermovement jump (CMJ), 15-meter speed(Vel_15m) and Futsal Intermittent Endurance Test (FIET).The training load was monitored by the Session Perceived Exertion method.Weeks 1 and 3 presented higher training load than weeks 2 and 4 (p <0.01). In the post-training period, shorter running time in the Vel_15m test (p = 0.04), greater height in SJ (p <0.01) and CMJ (p <0.01) tests, and higher maximal speed in FIET (p = 0.04) were observed. It could be concluded that directing training at the beginning of the competitive season to improve power increases the lower limb power of futsal players, with consequent improvement of speed and the ability to perform intermittent actions at high intensities.

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi analisar o efeito de um período de treinamento direcionado ao desenvolvimento de potência de membros inferiores no desempenho físico de jogadores de futsal. A amostra foi composta por 10 jogadores de futsal de uma equipe profissional com 23,70 ± 5,85 anos,72,33 ± 6,01 kg e 174,40 ± 0,05 cm. Os jogadores foram monitorados por um período de 4 semanas de treinamento, correspondente ao início do período competitivo. Neste período, o treinamento físico buscouaperfeiçoar a potência de membros inferiores. No início e ao término do período, foram realizados os testes: Squat jump (SJ), Countermovemt jump (CMJ), velocidade de 15 metros (Vel_15m) e Futsal Intermitente Endurance Test (FIET). A carga de treinamento foi monitorada pelo método da percepçãosubjetiva de esforço da sessão. As semanas 1 e 3 apresentaram maior CTST que as semanas 2 e 4 (p < 0,01). No momento pós treinamento, observou-se menor tempo de corrida no teste de Vel_15m (p = 0,04), maior altura nos testes SJ (p < 0,01) e CMJ (p < 0,01), e maior velocidade no FIET (p = 0,04). Pode-se concluir que direcionar o treinamento no início da temporada competitiva para melhorada potência proporciona incremento na potência de membros inferiores de jogadores de futsal, com consequente melhora da velocidade e na capacidade de realizar ações intermitentes em alta intensidade.

Effect of a school soccer competition with consecutive day games on the recovery status of U-19 players / Efeito de uma competição escolar de futebol com jogos em dias consecutivos no estado de recuperação de jogadores sub-19

Abstract The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of a school soccer competition with consecutive day games on the recovery status of U-19 players. Thirty-one school athletes (17.1±1.1 years) who played a U-19 school soccer competition (composed of two groups of four soccer teams each, followed by semifinals and final) were randomly evaluated. Games lasted 70 min (two periods of 35 min with 15 min rest interval), and they were played on consecutive days with 24 h between each game. Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and Total Quality Recovery (TQR) were measured before group phase games (n= 31) and semifinals games (n= 18). The internal game load was measured by the session rate of perceived exertion (session-RPE) method. TQR was higher before the first game when compared to the other games (p< 0.001). DOMS increased after the first game and did not return to baseline before the fourth game. Both session-RPE and internal load of the fourth game were higher than in the other games (p< 0.001). In addition, there was no correlation between internal game load and TQR (p> 0.05). The monotony observed during the evaluated period was 3.1±2.0 AU. The results indicate that the 24 h rest period seems to be insufficient for complete recovery of U-19 soccer school athletes, suggesting the organization of U-19 school soccer competitions with higher rest interval between games and search for methods to increase the recovery rate.

Resumo O presente estudo objetivou analisar o efeito de uma competição escolar de futebol com jogos em dias consecutivos no estado de recuperação física de jogadores sub-19. Foram avaliados, de forma aleatória, 31 atletas escolares (17,1±1,1 anos) participantes de uma competição escolar de futebol de campo sub-19, composta de duas chaves com quatro equipes cada, seguido de semifinais e final. Os jogos tiveram 70 min de duração (dois tempos de 35 min com 15 min de intervalo), e foram realizados em dias consecutivos com intervalo de 24h entre cada jogo. Foi medida a dor muscular de início tardio (DOMS) e Qualidade Total de Recuperação (QTR) antes de cada jogo da primeira fase (n= 31) e da semifinal (n=18). A carga interna dos jogos foi medida a pelo método da percepção subjetiva do esforço da sessão (PSE-sessão). A QTR foi maior antes do primeiro jogo em comparação com os demais jogos (p< 0.001). A DOMS aumentou após o primeiro jogo e não retornou aos valores basais antes do quarto jogo (p< 0.001). A PSE-sessão e a carga interna do quarto jogo foram maiores que as dos demais jogos (p< 0,001). Em adição, não houve correlação entre a carga interna do jogo e a QTR (p> 0,05). A monotonia encontrada no período avaliado foi de 3,1±2.0 UA. Os resultados indicam que o período de 24h parece ser insuficiente para a completa recuperação de atletas escolares de futebol sub-19, sugerindo a organização de competições escolares de futebol sub-19 com maior intervalo entre os jogos e busca por métodos que acelerem a recuperação.

Relationship Between Training Volume and Ratings of Perceived Exertion in Swimmers.

The markers of external training load (ETL), distance and intensity, do not take into account the athletes' psychophysiological stress, i.e., internal training load (ITL). Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between ETL and ITL using the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and session-RPE in swimmers. Seventeen young swimmers (10 male, 15.8 ± 0.87 yr and 7 female, 15.1 ± 0.46 yr) belonging to one national level youth team took part in this study over 4 wk. The external training load was planned using swimming distance (in meters) at seven different training intensities. Swimmers' RPE was assessed 30 min after each training session. Session-RPE was calculated by multiplying RPE by session duration (min). The relationship between the variables was analyzed with Pearson correlations and a multiple linear regression was performed to predict the session-RPE as a function of the independent variables (aerobic and anaerobic volume). The swimming distance at different intensities correlated strongly with RPE and very largely with session-RPE (.64, p < .05 and .71, p < .05, respectively). Regression analysis indicated that the aerobic and anaerobic volumes together explained more than 50% of the ITL variability. In conclusion, the swimming distance in each training session was significantly associated with RPE and session-RPE in swimmers. In other words, based on these results, the use of high-volume training at lower intensities affects the RPE and Session-RPE more than the anaerobic volume.

Playing match venue does not affect resting salivary steroids in elite Futsal players.

This study examined the influence of competition playing venue on the hormonal responses in elite Futsal players. Twenty-one males (age, 19.3 ± 0.7 years; height, 174.2 ± 4.1cm; body mass, 71.8 ± 7.9 kg) from two Futsal teams were monitored during two competitive matches that were played against each other on a home and away basis. Saliva sampling was conducted before (pre) and after (post) each match. The concentration of salivary steroids (testosterone [T] and cortisol [C]) was assessed by ELISA. Resting concentration of salivary steroid (T and C) hormones was not affected by playing venue (home and away). Both Futsal matches promoted a significant increase in T and C from pre--to post-matches (p<0.05), with a higher post-C concentration for playing at home (p<0.05). No effect of playing venue on T was observed. In conclusion, the findings of this study indicate that the playing venue did not elicit a significant change in resting concentration of salivary steroid hormones. However, playing home induced a greater post-match C response, suggesting that the pressure for positive results in front of supporters, families and friends may impose a higher level of stress on the players at their own facility.

Seasonal Training Load Distribution of Professional Futsal Players: Effects on Physical Fitness, Muscle Damage and Hormonal Status.

The aims of the present study were to describe the training load (TL) distribution of a professional futsal team and verify its subsequent effects on physical performance, muscle damage, and hormonal status. Twelve male professional futsal players (24.3 ± 4.7 years old; 75.5 ± 7.7 kg; and 173.4 ± 4.5 cm) participated in this study. A training program of 22 weeks (6 weeks of pre-season and 16 weeks of in-season) was analyzed. The session rating of perceived exertion method was used to monitor TLs. Physical tests (PTs; countermovement jump (CMJ), 5- and 20-m sprint, T-test, and multistage 20-m shuttle-run tests) were performed 4 times throughout the season (PT1-PT4). Blood sample (BS) collection (Creatine kinase [CK], testosterone, and cortisol) was performed in 7 occasions (BS1-BS7). TLs were higher in pre-season compared to in-season (p < 0.001). Countermovement jumps (CMJs) and 5- and 20-m performances were better in PT3 (CMJ: 0/23/77, 5-m: 0/3/97, and 20-m: 0/1/99) and PT4 (CMJ: 0/8/92, 5- and 20-m: 0/0/100) than in PT1; T-test performance and V[Combining Dot Above]O2max was better in all moments compared with those of PT1 (0/0/100). Higher CK concentration (p = 0.03) and testosterone to cortisol (T:C) ratio values (p = 0.02) were detected in BS2 vs. BS1. An increase in C (p = 0.007) and a decrease in T:C ratio (p = 0.003) was observed from BS4 to BS5. The training program demonstrated higher TLs during the periods with low incidence of matches, emphasis on endurance and strength training during pre-season, speed and power training throughout in-season. This TL organization provides sufficient stimulus for appropriate physical fitness development in professional futsal players, without causing negative disturbances.

INFLUÊNCIA DAS CARGAS DE TREINAMENTO SOBRE O RENDIMENTO E OS NÍVEIS DE RECUPERAÇÃO EM NADADORES / INFLUENCE OF TRAINING LOADS ON PERFORMANCE AND RECOVERY IN SWIMMERS

RESUMOEste estudo verificou o comportamento do estado de recuperação e dos níveis de rendimento em função das cargas externas e internas em atletas juvenis de natação. Participaram do estudo 17 atletas pertencentes a um clube de Minas Gerais. Para testar as diferenças entre as quatro semanas analisadas, entre o rendimento e entre os valores do RESTq, foi utilizada ANOVA para medidas repetidas e entre o estado de recuperação dos atletas nas duas fases, foi utilizado o teste t de Student para amostras pareadas. Utilizou-se o programa estatístico Statistica (versão 8.0) e nível de significância de 5%. Os resultados mostraram que as variáveis de carga interna e de carga externa diminuíram da Fase da Transformação para a Fase de Polimento. Ao contrário, os níveis de recuperação aumentaram. Entretanto, o rendimento não se alterou entre as três competições e, durante a competição principal, não houve alteração significativa na relação recuperação-estresse do RESTq.

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the behavior of the recovery state and levels of performance according to external and internal training loads in juvenile swimmers. The study included 17 athletes belonging to a club of Minas Gerais. To test the differences between the four weeks analyzed, performance and RESTq, we used ANOVA for repeated measures and between the athletes recovery state in the two phases, the Student t test for paired samples was used. The statistical software Statistica (version 8.0) and a significance level of 5 % was used. The results showed that the internal and external load variables decreased that Transformation Phase for the Tapering Phase. In contrast, levels of recovery was increased. However, the performance did not change between the three competitions, and during the main competition, there was no significant change in the RESTq recovery - stress ratio.

Does Testosterone Modulate Mood States and Physical Performance in Young Basketball Players?

This study aimed to examine and compare mood states profile and physical performance during different training phases between 2 groups of adolescent basketball players that were differentiated according to baseline testosterone concentration (T). The basketball players were submitted to an intensified training period (OVL) followed by a tapering period (TP). Twenty-three young male basketball players initiated the study. Experimental criteria data were used to stratify 16 players into high-testosterone (HTC) or low-testosterone (LTC) concentration groups. All the 16 athletes undertook 5 weeks of OVL followed by a 3-week TP. Saliva sampling, Yo-Yo intermittent recovery level 1 (Yo-Yo IRL1) test and the T-test were conducted at the beginning (T1), after OVL (T2), and after TP (T3). A similar increase in internal training load was observed during OVL when compared with TP in both groups (p < 0.05). No difference in mood states was observed between groups (p > 0.05); however, LTC displayed a higher score for fatigue (p < 0.05) and a lower score for energy index (p < 0.05) in OVL, compared with TP. A significant improvement in the Yo-Yo IRL1 test and the T-test was observed (T1 to T3) (p < 0.05), with no difference between groups (p > 0.05). In conclusion, these results suggest that LTC athletes may be more susceptible to changes in mood states during intensified training periods. In addition, data indicate that a periodized training program successfully improved the physical performance (endurance and agility) of young basketball players; however, this improvement was not affected by testosterone level.

Monitoramento da carga interna de um período de treinamento em jogadores de voleibol / Internal training load monitoring across a period training in volleyball players

O objetivo desse estudo foi monitorar e analisar a dinâmica da carga interna, a partir do método da Percepção Subjetiva de Esforço da sessão (PSE-sessão), durante um período de treinamento no voleibol. Doze jogadores de uma equipe de voleibol (23,5 ± 3,4 anos, 88,2 ± 11,4 kg, 190,4 ± 10,8 cm) foram monitorados durante 22 semanas de treinamento divididas em cinco mesociclos. A ANOVA revelou haver diferenças significativas nos valores de carga de treinamento semanal total (CTST), monotonia e "strain" entre os mesociclos (p < 0,05). A CTST do mesociclo 1 foi menor quando comparada aos mesociclos 2, 4 e 5. Os valores de monotonia foram baixos, com valores inferiores a 1,4 ± 0,1 UA. O coeficiente de variação da média da CTST das 22 semanas foi de 16%. O valor médio da média da CTST das 22 semanas foi de 1790,9 UA. O menor valor de média da CTST das 22 semanas foi de 1324,3 UA e o maior valor foi de 2232,7 UA. Desse modo, a carga interna de treinamento apresentou momentos de maior e menor magnitude entre as semanas, e aumentou do primeiro para o segundo mesociclo com manutenção das mesmas nos mesociclos seguintes.

The aim of this study was to monitor and analyze the dynamics of internal training load using session rating of perceived exertion (session-RPE) method during a training period of volleyball. Twelve volleyball players (23.5 ± 3.4 y, 88.2 ± 11.4 kg, 190.4 ± 10.8 cm) were monitored during 22 training weeks divided into five mesocycles. The ANOVA revealed that the total week training load (TWTL), monotony, and strain were different among the mesocycles (p < 0.05). The higher values of TWTL were showed during mesocycles 2, 4, and 5. Monotony presented values below 1.4 ± 0.1 AU. The mean TWTL of the 22 weeks presented a mean of 1790.9 UA and a coefficient of variation of 16%. The lower and higher mean values of TWTL of the 22 weeks were 1324.3 and 2232.7 UA, respectively. Thus, the internal training load distribution presented moments with higher and lower magnitude between weeks, and increase from 1st to 2nd mesocycle with maintenance of this following others mesocycles.

Sensitivity of physiological and psychological markers to training load intensification in volleyball players.

The aim of this study was to test the sensitivity of; performance in the countermovement vertical Jump (CMJ); the Recovery and Stress Questionnaire for Athletes (RESTQ-Sport); the Total Quality Recovery Scale (TQR) and the creatine kinase (CK) to the deliberate intensification of volleyball training loads. For this purpose 8 athletes underwent a training period (FP) of 11 days of deliberate training load (TL) intensification followed by a second period (SP) of 14 days of reduction of loads (IT group). A further 8 athletes continued training with normal TL (NT group). Both groups were tested before the FP (baseline), after the FP and after the SP. The TL evaluated using the session rating of perceived exertion method (session-RPE) was higher after the FP compared to the SP, and higher in the IT group, compared to the NT group. The CMJ did not change in either group (p > 0.05). In the IT group, the RESTQ-Sport was altered after the FP compared to both the baseline and the SP (p < 0.05), while no change was observed in the NT group. In the IT group, the CK increased and the TQR decreased after the FP compared to both the baseline and after the SP and were higher and lower, respectively, than the NT group (p < 0.05). The results suggest that performance in the CMJ is not a sensitive variable to the fatigue caused by intensification of training loads during a pre-competitive period in volleyball, whereas CK, TQR and RESTQ-Sport were shown to be sensitive measures. Key PointsThe RESTQ-Sport and the TQR scales were sensitive to deliberate intensification of training loads during the pre-competitive period in volleyball athletes;The CK can be used to complement this monitoring;The CMJ performance was not sensitive to deliberate intensification of training loads in volleyball athletes.

Internal training load: perception of volleyball coaches and athletes / Carga interna de treinamento: percepção de técnicos e atletas de voleibol

The aim of this study was to evaluate the correspondence between perceived internal load of volleyball players of different positions with perceived internal load planned by the coach, as well as to compare the perceptions of internal training load between different positions in volleyball. The sample was composed of 15 professional volleyball players who were members of a 2012/2013 team in the Brazilian first division league. The athletes answered the Borg CR-10 scale after training, while the coach answered before the training, as was planned for this study. Data analysis was performed Kappa (K), one-way and two-way ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc using the statistical packages SPSS 19.0 and Statistica 8.0. The results indicated that all positions showed good agreement with the perception of the coach and no significant differences in perceptions of internal training load. However, when analysing the percentage of athletes' perceptions of intensity proposed by the coach, it was observed that athletes overestimate the sessions of easy training, while they underestimate the intensity of heavy training. The results indicate that there may be differences between the perceptions of coaches and athletes and reinforce the importance of adopting strategies for monitoring/control of daily training loads.

Este estudo pretendeu avaliar a correspondência entre a percepção da carga interna de atletas de voleibol de diferentes posições com a percepção da carga planejada pelo treinador e comparar as percepções da carga interna de treinamento entre as diferentes posições no voleibol. A amostra foi composta por 15 atletas profissionais de voleibol integrantes de uma equipe da Superliga 2012/2013. Os atletas responderam à escala CR-10 de Borg, após o treinamento, enquanto o técnico a respondeu antes, conforme o planejou. Para análise dos dados, foi realizado o índice Kappa (K), ANOVA one-way e two-way com post-hoc de Tukey, utilizando os pacotes estatísticos SPSS 19,0 e Statistica 8.0. Os resultados indicaram que todas as posições apresentaram bons níveis de concordância com a percepção do treinador e não apresentaram diferenças significativas nas percepções da carga interna de treinamento. No entanto, ao analisar o percentual das percepções dos atletas por intensidade proposta pelo treinador, foi observado que, em treinamentos leves, os atletas superestimam as sessões, enquanto que, em treinamentos pesados, os atletas subestimam a intensidade. Os resultados permitem concluir que pode haver diferenças entre as percepções de técnicos e atletas e reforçam a importância da adoção de estratégias para o monitoramento/controle diário das cargas de treinamento.

Quais ações técnico-táticas realizadas durante as partidas de futsal podem discriminar o resultado de vitória ou derrota? / Wich technical-tactical actions performed in futsal matches can discriminate the result of winning or defeat?

O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar se as ações técnico-táticas específicas do futsal são capazes de discriminar o resultado de partidas de uma equipe de alto rendimento. Foram analisadas 40 partidas de uma equipe de futsal durante dois anos de disputa da Liga Nacional. Considerou-se os resultados de vitória ou derrota. Durante cada partida, foram analisados o número total das seguintes ações técnico-táticas: Desarmes Realizados, Desarmes Sofridos, Total de Finalizações Realizadas, Total de Finalizações Sofridas, Finalizações Certas Realizadas, Finalizações Certas Sofridas, Passes Incompletos Realizados e Passes Incompletos do Adversário; bem como os índices de coeficiente para cada ação técnico-tática, a partir da razão entre ação realizada e sofrida. Foi realizada uma Análise Discriminante a partir do método de estimação simultânea. Apenas as variáveis Desarmes Realizados, Desarmes Sofridos e Coeficiente de Desarme apresentaram cargas discriminantes acima de 0,40, indicando que as mesmas poderiam discriminar o resultado de vitória e derrota em partidas de futsal. Pode-se concluir que a eficiência em relação ao número de Desarmes Realizados e de Desarmes Sofridos pode ser considerada um fator importante para alcançar o resultado de vitória em partidas de futsal de alto rendimento. Este estudo apontou que o sistema defensivo da equipe de futsal analisada, tanto no que se refere à organização tática quanto no tocante à técnica adequada para realização do desarme se apresentou como um fator discriminante do resultado da partida. Além disso, o sistema ofensivo também parece ser importante no sentido de prover uma melhor organização de ataque enquanto diminui a possibilidade de sofrer desarmes.

The objectives of this study were to verify whether specific technical-tactical actions of futsal would be able to discriminate the result in high-performance futsal matches. Forty matches from one futsal team were analyzed over two National League seasons, in which the assessed team showed the result of winning or defeat. For each match, the number of total technical-tactical actions were analyzed: Tackles done, Tackles suffered, Total shots done, Total shots suffered, Shots on target done, Shots on target suffered, Incomplete pass done, Opponent incomplete pass; as well coefficient indexes for each technical-tactical action, from the ratio between action done and suffered. Discriminant Analysis was realized using simultaneous estimation method. Only Tackles done, Tackles suffered and Tackles coefficient showed discriminating loads above 0.40, which indicate that these variables can discriminate the result of winning and defeat in futsal matches. It can be concluded that efficiency related to Tackles done and Tackles suffered is a determinant point to achieve the winning in high-performance futsal match. This study shows that the defensive system in a futsal team, in which must be considered both tactical organization and appropriate technique to perform the tackle could discriminate the match’s result in the analyzed team. Offensive system is also important in order to provide a better attack organization, and consequently, a lower possibility to suffer a tackle.

Efeitos do treinamento sobre variaveis psicofisiologicas na pre-temporada de futebol / Effects of the training on psychophysiological variables in soccer preseason / Efectos del entrenamiento en las variables psicofisiologicas en pretemporada de futbol

OBJETIVO: Verificar o efeito da carga de treinamento em variáveis bioquímicas, psicológicas, fisiológicas e hematológicas durante uma pré-temporada em atletas profissionais de futebol. MÉTODOS: Oito jogadores de futebol profissional foram monitorados por 21 dias durante uma pré-temporada e submetidos a quatro avaliações (T1, T2, T3 e T4). As variáveis analisadas foram: concentração de hemoglobina, creatina quinase, questionário POMS e variabilidade da frequência cardíaca no domínio do tempo e da frequência. A carga de treinamento de cada sessão foi quantificada através do método TRIMP. RESULTADOS: A creatina quinase aumentou significativamente (p<0,05) em T2 e T3 com relação a T1, seguindo o comportamento da carga de treinamento. As outras variáveis não apresentaram diferença significativa (p>0,05) e não foram encontradas correlações entre as variáveis. CONCLUSÃO: Parece que a creatina quinase é a variável mais sensível à carga de treinamento do que as outras analisadas. Os valores da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca no domínio da frequência apresentam uma tendência na resposta para mudanças na carga de treinamento. .

OBJECTIVE: To verify the effect of training load in biochemical, psychological, physiological and hematological variables during a pre-season in professional soccer players. METHODS: Eight male professional soccer players were monitored for 21 days during a pre-season and submitted to four evaluations (T1, T2, T3 and T4). The variables analysed were: hemoglobin, creatine kinase, POMS questionnaire and heart rate variability in time and frequency domains. The load of each training session was quantified using the TRIMP method. RESULTS: Creatina kinase increased significantly (p<0.05) in T2 and T3 with respect to T1, following the behaviour of the training load. The other variables showed no significant difference (p>0.05) and no correlations between variables were found. CONCLUSION: It seems that creatina kinase is the most sensitive variable to training load compared to the other variables. Heart rate variability values in frequency domain presented a trend in response to changes in training load. .

OBJETIVO: Verificar el efecto de la carga de entrenamiento, en variables bioquímicas, psicológicas, fisiológicas y hematológicas, durante una pretemporada en atletas profesionales de fútbol. MÉTODOS: Ocho jugadores de fútbol fueron monitoreados durante 21 días, a lo largo de una pretemporada, y fueron sometidos a cuatro evaluaciones (T1, T2, T3 y T4). Las variables analizadas fueron: concentración de hemoglobina, creatina quinasa, cuestionario POMS y variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca en el dominio del tiempo y de la frecuencia. La carga de entrenamiento de cada sesión fue cuantificada mediante el método TRIMP. RESULTADOS: La creatina quinasa aumentó significativamente (p<0,05) en T2 y T3, en relación con T1, siguiendo el comportamiento de la carga de entrenamiento. Las otras variables no presentaron diferencia significativa (p>0,05) y no se encontraron correlaciones entre las variables. CONCLUSIÓN: Parece que la creatina quinasa es la variable más sensible a la carga de entrenamiento, en comparación con las otras analizadas. Los valores de la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca, en el dominio de la frecuencia, presentaron una tendencia en la respuesta para modificaciones de la carga de entrenamiento. .

Monitoramento da carga interna de treinamento em jogadores de futsal ao longo de uma temporada / Monitoring of the internal training load in futsal players over a season

Existe a necessidade de estudos sobre métodos para controle da carga e descrição da periodização em equipes de futsal. O objetivo do estudo foi descrever e analisar a carga interna de treinamento em um macrociclo de futsal utilizando-se o método de Percepção Subjetiva do Esforço da sessão. A amostra foi composta por 13 atletas de Liga Nacional. Calculou-se carga de treinamento semanal total (CTST), monotonia e strain durante 37 semanas. Utilizando Teste t de Student pareado, o período de preparação (PP) apresentou CTST, strain e monotonia maiores que o competitivo (PC). Utilizando ANOVA de medidas repetidas, seguida pelo post-hoc de Bonferroni, observaram-se diferenças significativas para CTST entre mesociclos: 1 > 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9; 7 > 4, 5, 8, 9; 2, 3 e 6 > 5, 8, 9; 4 > 5; 8 > 5 (p>0,05). As cargas de treinamento (CT) foram mais elevadas no PP com redução no PC. A CT apresenta uma característica ondulatória, adaptando-se ao calendário competitivo.

There is a need for studies on methods for control of load and description of periodization in futsal teams. The objective of this study was to report and analyze the internal training load in a macrocycle of futsal using the session rating of perceived exertion (session-RPE) method. The sample consisted of 13 athletes of the National League. We calculated the total weekly training load (TWTL), monotony and strain over 37 weeks. Using the paired Student's t Test, the preparation period (PP) showed higher TWTL, strain and monotony than the competitive period (CP). The ANOVA test of repeated measures, followed by the Bonferroni post-hoc test showed significant differences in the TWTL among the mesocycles: 1 > 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9; 7 > 4, 5, 8, 9; 2, 3 and 6 > 5, 8, 9; 4 > 5; 8 > 5 (p<0.05). The training loads (TL) were higher in the PP with reduction in the CP, with cycles of high load being required during the CP. The TL presents an oscillatory feature, and is adapted to the competition schedule.

Quantificação da carga de treinamento através do método percepção subjetiva do esforço da sessão e desempenho no futsal / Quantification of training load using session rpe method and performance in futsal

No futsal, há carência de estudos que apresentem a quantificação da carga de treinamento (CT), utilizando o método Percepção Subjetiva do Esforço da sessão (PSE), com as respostas de desempenho dos atletas. O estudo teve como objetivos: descrever o comportamento da carga de treinamento utilizando o método PSE da sessão e analisar o desempenho de atletas de futsal durante o período de preparação, bem como verificar a relação entre carga de treinamento e desempenho. Doze atletas de futsal do sexo masculino, com idade de 24,92 ± 5,20 anos, peso 73,42 ± 5,70 kg, altura 175,83 ± 5,05 cm, foram submetidos a 14 semanas de treinamento, nas quais a carga de treinamento foi quantificada através do método PSE da sessão. Avaliaram-se volume máximo de oxigênio (VO2max), velocidade, agilidade e impulsão vertical (IV) antes e após o período de preparação, e avaliou-se a IV antes e em todas as semanas de treinamento. Utilizando teste de Wilcoxon, observaram-se melhora do VO2máx (p=0,004), IV (p=0,003), velocidade (p=0,003) e agilidade (p=0,002) após o período de preparação, e utilizando ANOVA para medidas repetidas com post-hoc de Tukey, observou-se maior CT no primeiro mesociclo, comparado com os demais e maior CT no segundo mesociclo, comparado com o terceiro. Não foi encontrada relação entre IV e CT. Pode-se concluir que o método PSE da sessão permitiu a descrição eficaz da CT e do desempenho no futsal com diminuição progressiva da CT ao longo do treinamento e melhora no rendimento dos atletas. Não houve correlação entre CT e desempenho.

There is a need of studies about training load (TL) quantification using session rating of perceived exertion (session-RPE) and its relation to athlete's performance in futsal. The objective of this study was to describe training load behavior using session-RPE method and to analyze futsal athlete's performance during a preparatory period and its relation to TL. Twelve male futsal players (age 24,92 ± 5,20 year, weight 73,42 ± 5,70 kg, height 175,83 ± 5,05 cm) were submitted to 14 weeks of training quantified by the session-RPE method. It was measured maximum volume of oxygen (VO2max), velocity, agility and vertical jump (VJ) before and after the training period and also the VJ every week. Using the Wilcoxon test, it was observed an increase in VO2max (p=0,004), VJ (p=0,003), velocity (p=0,003) and agility (p=0,002) after the training period. Using the ANOVA to repeated measures (Tukey post-hoc), it was observed a greater training load (TL) in the first mesocycle compared to the others and a greater CT in the second compared to the third mesocycle. It was not found a relation between VJ and TL. It was concluded that the session RPE allowed an effective TL quantification through the training period and the athlete's performance increased along with the progressive TL reduction description. There wasn't correlation between the TL and performance.