ABSTRACT
Obesity is a risk factor for periodontitis, but the pathogenic mechanism involved is unclear. We studied the effects of insulin in periodontal tissues during the state of obesity-induced insulin resistance. Gingival samples were collected from fatty (ZF) and lean (ZL, control) Zucker rats. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression was decreased, and activities of protein kinase C (PKC) α, ß2, δ, and ϵ isoforms were significantly increased in the gingiva from ZF rats compared with those from ZL rats. Expression of oxidative stress markers (mRNA) and the p65 subunit of NF-κB was significantly increased in ZF rats. Immunohistochemistry revealed that NF-κB activation was also increased in the gingival endothelial cells from transgenic mice overexpressing NF-κB-dependent enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP) and on a high-fat vs. normal chow diet. Analysis of the gingiva showed that insulin-induced phosphorylation of IRS-1, Akt, and eNOS was significantly decreased in ZF rats, but Erk1/2 activation was not affected. General PKC inhibitor and an anti-oxidant normalized the action of insulin on Akt and eNOS activation in the gingiva from ZF rats. This provided the first documentation of obesity-induced insulin resistance in the gingiva. Analysis of our data suggested that PKC activation and oxidative stress may selectively inhibit insulin-induced Akt and eNOS activation, causing endothelial dysfunction and inflammation.
Subject(s)
Gingivitis/etiology , Insulin Resistance/physiology , Obesity/complications , Vasculitis/etiology , Alveolar Bone Loss/etiology , Alveolar Bone Loss/metabolism , Animals , Endothelial Cells/chemistry , Endothelium, Vascular/chemistry , Gingivitis/metabolism , Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins/analysis , Male , Mice , Mice, Transgenic , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/analysis , Oncogene Protein v-akt/analysis , Oxidative Stress/physiology , Protein Kinase C beta/analysis , Protein Kinase C-alpha/analysis , Protein Kinase C-delta/analysis , Protein Kinase C-epsilon/analysis , Rats , Rats, Zucker , Transcription Factor RelA/analysis , Vasculitis/metabolismSubject(s)
Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative/drug therapy , Hepatitis B/complications , Hepatitis C/complications , Interferon-alpha/therapeutic use , Ribavirin/therapeutic use , Biopsy , Drug Therapy, Combination , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative/diagnosis , Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative/etiology , Hepacivirus/genetics , Hepatitis B/diagnosis , Hepatitis B/virology , Hepatitis B virus/genetics , Hepatitis C/diagnosis , Hepatitis C/virology , Humans , Microscopy, Fluorescence , Middle Aged , RNA, Viral/analysisABSTRACT
Induction of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) as treatment of end-stage renal disease is difficult for patients requiring nephrectomy with traditional surgery, and usually hemodialysis is selected for these patients. In a 61-year-old woman with end-stage renal failure a left renal tumor was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasonography, enhanced computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Following an urology consultation, we decided to perform left kidney nephrectomy. We estimated that she had to undergo dialysis permanently after nephrectomy. She desired to be treated by CAPD, however, we decided after allowing for a postoperative period for complete healing of the peritoneum to avoid complications. This is why during the interim period between surgery and induction of CAPD she underwent hemodialysis (HD) in a local outpatient HD center and in our hospital. We selected a retroperitoneoscopic approach for nephrectomy. Pathology evaluation revealed a renal cell carcinoma. 4 months after nephrectomy, CAPD catheter implantation was performed by using laparoscopy and CAPD was started. At the present time, the patient is doing well on CAPD. To our knowledge, there are no clear indications regarding initiation of peritoneal dialysis after nephrectomy. The retroperitoneoscopic approach for nephrectomy allows for initiation of peritoneal dialysis after nephrectomy within a relative short postoperative period.
Subject(s)
Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy , Kidney Neoplasms/surgery , Laparoscopy/methods , Nephrectomy/methods , Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory/methods , Postoperative Care/methods , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Kidney Failure, Chronic/complications , Kidney Failure, Chronic/diagnosis , Kidney Neoplasms/complications , Kidney Neoplasms/diagnosis , Middle Aged , Retroperitoneal Space , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
Both ulcerative colitis and Takayasu's arteritis are though to be organ-specific immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. We present the rare case of a 23-year-old woman with a 4-year history of ulcerative colitis who developed Takayasu's arteritis one month after giving birth. She was found to carry the human leukocyte antigens (HLA)-B52 and DR2, which were previously noted to be associated with these inflammatory conditions in the Japanese population. The pathogenic relevance of this haplotype to the concomitant development of these two conditions is discussed.
Subject(s)
Colitis, Ulcerative/complications , Colitis, Ulcerative/genetics , Takayasu Arteritis/complications , Takayasu Arteritis/genetics , Adult , Colitis, Ulcerative/pathology , Female , HLA-B Antigens/genetics , HLA-B52 Antigen , HLA-DR2 Antigen/genetics , Humans , Pregnancy , Takayasu Arteritis/immunologyABSTRACT
Surgical therapy for ventricular septal perforation associated with acute myocardial infarction is thought to reduce ventricular chamber volume and distort the ventricle due to excision of the myocardium. A 69-year old man underwent elective surgery that used an autologous pericardial patch without excising the myocardium. Intraventricular repair using the autologous pericardial patch enabled preservation of ventricular geometry and chamber volume and did not result in a depression of cardiac function. Moreover, it has been reported that this surgical procedure protects against suture bleeding and decreases the amount of foreign material required, thus possibly reducing the risk of infectious complications.
