ABSTRACT
Searching for novel magnetoelectric (ME) materials has been one of the major issues of multiferroics. In this work, we present a systematic research study on garnet Mn3Al2Ge3O12, including structural, magnetic, heat capacity, and ME characterizations. Below the Néel temperature TN â¼ 6.8 K, Mn2+ spins form a long-range antiferromagnetic order, and a magnetic field H-driven electric polarization P is identified simultaneously. The relationship between P and H is nonlinear under low H and becomes linear under high H. Such transition is believed to originate from the H-induced variation of the magnetic structure. In addition, the P reaches 0.6 µC/m2 under µ0H = 9 T, corresponding to an ME coupling coefficient of αME â¼ 0.08 ps/m under high H. The small αME is attributed to the weak spin-orbit coupling and weak magnetic interactions in Mn3Al2Ge3O12. Furthermore, we realize the stable control of P by periodically varying H, which is crucial for potential application. We provide a rare case that a garnet material shows a first-order ME effect.
ABSTRACT
In this paper, a laterally coupled distributed feedback (LC-DFB) laser based on modulation p-doped multiple InAs/GaAs quantum dot (QD) structures has been fabricated. The device exhibits a high side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) of > 47 dB and a high thermal stability of dλ/dT = 0.092 nm/K under continuous-wave (CW) operation, which is mainly attributed to the high material gain prepared by modulation p-doping and rapid thermal annealing (RTA) process, and the significantly reduced waveguide losses by shallow-etched gratings and its close proximity to the laser ridge feature in the LC-DFB laser. With this superior performance of the DFB laser, the wide tunable dual-wavelength lasing operation has been obtained by delicately defining different periods for the grating structures on the two sides of the laser ridge or combining the reduced laser cavity length. The wavelength spacing between the two lasing modes can be flexibly tuned in a very wide range from 0.5 to 73.4 nm, corresponding to the frequency difference from 0.10 to 14 THz, which is the largest tuning range by the utilization of single device and hence providing a new opportunity towards the generation of CW THz radiation.
