Burden of non-communicable diseases attributable to high temperature in a changing climate from 1990 to 2019: a global analysis.

BACKGROUND: With global climate change, the health threats of ambient high temperature have received widespread attention. However, latest spatio-temporal patterns of the non-communicable diseases (NCDs) burden attributable to high temperature have not been systematically reported. We aimed to analyze vulnerable areas and populations based on a detailed profile for the NCDs burden attributable to high temperature globally. METHODS: We obtained data from the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) Study (2019) to describe the temporal and spatial patterns of NCDs burden attributable to high temperature globally from 1990-2019. Then we analyzed the differences by region, sex, and socio-demographic index (SDI). Finally, the age­period­cohort (APC) model was utilized to explore the age, period, and cohort effects of NCDs mortality caused by high temperature. RESULTS: In 2019, the number of deaths and Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from high-temperature-related NCDs was about 150,000 and 3.4 million globally, of which about 70% were in South Asia and North Africa and Middle East, and the burden was higher in men. Among 204 countries and territories, the highest age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR) were observed in Oman and United Arab Emirates, respectively. The global burden showed an upward trend from 1990 to 2019, with an EAPC of 3.66 (95%CI: 3.14-4.18) for ASMR and 3.68 (95%CI: 3.16-4.21) for ASDR. Cardiovascular diseases were the main contributors to the global burden of high-temperature-related NCDs in 2019. The age and period effect in APC model showed an increasing trend globally. There was a significant negative correlation between SDI and both ASMR (r = -0.17) and ASDR (r = -0.20) from 1990 to 2019. CONCLUSION: There was an increasing trend of the global burden of high-temperature-related NCDs. The burden was likely to be higher in males and the elderly, as well as in countries and regions with less economically and socially developed and in tropical climates. Surveillance and prevention measures should be implemented with a focus on these vulnerable areas and susceptible populations.

Disease burden of COPD attributable to PM2.5 in China, Japan and South Korea from 1990 to 2019: a comparative study based on Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

OBJECTIVE: We hope to reveal the changing trends of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) burden attributable to particulate matter pollution (PM2.5) and its age, period and cohort effects in China, Japan and Korea. DESIGN: We analysed the trend of COPD disease burden attributable to PM2.5 from 1990 to 2019 based on the latest Global Burden of Disease Database (GBD 2019) using JoinPoint model and analysed the effect of age, period and cohort on COPD burden attributable to PM2.5 in China, Japan and Korea from 1990 to 2019 using age-period-cohort model (model). SETTING: GBD data from 1990 to 2019. PARTICIPANTS: Data were publicly available and individuals were not involved. MAIN OUTCOMES: Outcomes included the age standardised mortality rate (ASMR), the age-standardised disability-adjusted life year (DALY), average annual per cent change (AAPC), net drift, local drift, longitudinal age curves, period (cohort) rate ratios, age (period, cohort) bias coefficient. RESULTS: From 1990 to 2019, the ASMR of COPD attributable to PM2.5 in China (AAPC=-5.862), Japan (AAPC=-1.715) and Korea (AAPC=-1.831) showed a downward trend. The age-standardised DALY of COPD attributable to PM2.5 in China (AAPC=-5.821), Japan (AAPC=-1.39) and Korea (AAPC=-1.239) showed a downward trend. Mortality of COPD attributable to PM2.5 increased slowly with age in Korea and Japan. Mortality of COPD attributable to PM2.5 in China decreased after rising (95% CI: 404.66 to 466.01). Mortality of COPD attributable to PM2.5 decreased over time in China and Korea, while it increased in Japan from 2015 to 2019. In China and Japan, mortality of COPD attributable to PM2.5 was approximately lower the later the birth, while in Korea it decreased after an increase (95% CI: 2.13 to 2.40) in the 1900-1910. CONCLUSIONS: Most COPD burden attributable to PM2.5 is on the decline; COPD mortality attributable to PM2.5 both increased with age and decreased with time and cohort. Countries with high burden should develop targeted measures to control PM2.5.

The economic burden and quality of life of patients with psoriasis treated with biologics in China.

BACKGROUND: Although biologics improve the quality of life of psoriasis patients, they also impose a substantial economic burden. There is a lack of research addressing the economic and humanistic impact of biologics in China. OBJECTIVE: This cross-sectional investigation aims to assess the economic cost, quality of life, and patient satisfaction among individuals with psoriasis treated with biologics and non-biologics. METHODS: From July 2021 to December 2022, eligible patients with psoriasis were recruited through both on-site and online questionnaire completion. The questionnaires collected sociodemographic data, clinical characteristics of psoriasis, economic costs associated with treatment, and the Dermatological Life Quality Index (DLQI). RESULTS: 481 patients with a mean age of 40.8 ± 13.4 years old were included and classified into a non-biologic (n = 195) and biologic (n = 286) treatment group. The direct medical cost for non-biologics patients was 7,249 CNY, accounting for 70.0% of the total cost, while biologics patients incurred 15,176 CNY, making up 94.3% of the total cost. The non-biologic group had higher costs related to hospitalization, self-purchase of drugs, and indirect costs than the biologic treatment group. Additionally, DLQI scores were higher in the non-biologic group. CONCLUSION: Patients in the biologic group experienced a higher economic burden and better quality of life than those in the non-biologic group.

Clinical analysis of 20 cases of cutaneous extranodal NK/T-Cell lymphoma.

Background To investigate the clinical features, pathological features and prognostic factors of cutaneous extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (CENKTL). Methods A total of 20 cases with CENKTL from February 2013 to November 2021 were analysed retrospectively. Results The patients included 15 men and five women, and their ages ranged from 19 to 92 (median age of 61) years. The most common lesions were on the extremities, followed by the trunk. Histopathological examination showed atypical lymphocyte infiltrate in dermis and subcutaneous fat. The tumour tissue showed vascular proliferation, vascular occlusion, and coagulation necrosis. In situ hybridisation revealed that 20 patients were positive for Epstein-Barr virus-coding ribonucleic acid. Immunohistochemistry showed that the tumour cells were positive for CD3 (18/20 and 90%), CD56 (19/20 and 95%), T-cell intracellular antigen (TIA-1) (13/14 and 92.9%) and CD20 (5/20, 25%). About 20 patients were positive for Ki-67 with values of 30-90%. A total of 11 of the 20 patients died, and two patients were lost to follow-up. The 2-year overall survival was 24%, and the median overall survival was 17 months. Univariate analysis revealed that involvement of lymph nodes (P = 0.042) correlated with worse survival. Limitation This is a retrospective study design and has a limited number of patients. Conclusion CENKTL is rare and has a poor prognosis. Diagnosis is challenging due to non-specific clinical symptoms and histopathology results. A comprehensive judgement should be made based on related clinical manifestations and histopathological and molecular examination. Lymph node involvement is an independent prognostic factor for CENKTL.

Association Among MIF, IFIH1, and IL6 Gene Polymorphisms and Non-Segmental Vitiligo in a Chinese Han Population.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the macrophage migration inhibiting factor (MIF), interferon-induced Helicase C domain 1 (IFIH1), interleukin-6 (IL6) genes, circulating levels with non-segmental vitiligo (NSV) susceptibility in the Chinese population, and to analyze the relationships between gene polymorphisms and clinical characteristics of vitiligo. Methods: In this study, genotyping was conducted in 155 patients with NSV and 117 unaffected controls using polymerase chain reaction and snapshot technique. Serum concentrations were determined by ELISA kit. Results: There were strong associations between IFIH1 H843R and IL6-572G/C polymorphisms and NSV susceptibility (p = 0.013; p = 0.009). In contrast to previous studies, we found no significant difference in the MIF-173G/C polymorphism between the two groups. In addition, the frequency of allelic distribution for MIF-173G/C in patients with active NSV was significantly higher than stable NSV (p = 0.011), and IFIH1 H843R with early-onset (≤ 20), active or family history of NSV was significantly higher than late-onset (> 20), stable or no family history of NSV (p = 0.033; p = 0.045; p = 0.039). Serum concentrations of MIF were higher in patients with active NSV, serum IFIH1 and IL6 concentrations were related to the presence of polymorphisms in patients with NSV (p = 0.009; p = 0.011). Conclusion: Our results suggested that IFIH1 H843R and IL6-572G/C gene polymorphisms and expression levels are obviously correlated with the onset of NSV. MIF-173G/C allele and serum concentrations may be associated with active NSV, and IFIH1 H843R allele may be associated with youth, active or family history of NSV.

Peripheral blood IL-6 levels in systemic sclerosis patients: Correlation between IL-6 levels and clinical phenotypes.

OBJECTIVE: Detect the expression of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the serum of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and assess its association with clinical and laboratory features of the disease. METHODS: The clinical data from 50 patients with SSc in the affiliated hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China were retrospectively analyzed. The level of IL-6 in peripheral blood of systemic sclerosis patients was compared between the different clinical phenotypes groups. Spearman correlation test was used to analyze the correlation of the IL-6 with C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), creatinine, and cystatin C. RESULTS: Interleukin-6 increased in the disease course ≥5 years, systemic sclerosis-Interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD), pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), gastrointestinal involvement, and cardiac involvement group compared with the group with disease course <5 years, no SSc-ILD, PAH, gastrointestinal involvement, and no cardiac involvement group. The differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that IL-6 in the group with disease course ≥5 years had a positive correlation with ESR (Rs = 0.438, p = 0.022) and CRP (Rs = 0.825, P < 0.001), whereas it was negatively correlated with creatinine (Rs = -0.481, p = 0.011). Nevertheless, when it came to disease course <5 years, the figures had no statistically significant difference. CONCLUSION: Serum IL-6 in patients with systemic sclerosis is related to different clinical phenotypes. IL-6 helps to diagnose various phases of diseases, monitor severities of diseases, and predict the prognosis of patients.

Influence of RETN, IL-1, and IL-6 gene polymorphisms on the risk of acne vulgaris in the Chinese population.

BACKGROUND: Acne vulgaris is a highly prevalent skin disorder that involves pilosebaceous units and may have adverse psychological effects on patients. The occurrence of acne is multifactorial and closely related to the interplay of environmental and genetic factors. AIM: To investigate the possible association between RETN-420C>G, IL6-572G>C, and IL1A-889C>T polymorphism and acne vulgaris in the Chinese population. METHODS: In this case-control study, genotyping was conducted in 306 patients with acne and 306 healthy controls by using polymerase chain reaction and snapshot technique. RESULTS: There is a strong correlation between RETN-420 and IL6-572 polymorphisms and acne susceptibility; the RETN-420G and IL6-572C alleles increase the risk of acne development. We also found that IL6-572G>C gene polymorphism is significantly associated with family history of acne and acne severity. In contrast to previous studies, we found no significant difference in the IL1A-889C>T polymorphism between healthy controls and acne patients in our population. CONCLUSION: Our findings provide the first evidence that RETN-420 and IL6-572 gene polymorphisms contribute to the pathogenesis of acne in the Chinese population.