ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo analyze the effect of O3 pollution on outpatient visits for respiratory diseases in a district of Shanghai. MethodsWe collected the respiratory disease outpatient data， and atmospheric and meteorological data of from a suburban general hospital in Shanghai from 2015 to 2017. A time-series analysis by generalized additive model was conducted to examine the relationship between O3 pollution and daily outpatient visits. ResultsThe daily outpatient volume for respiratory diseases was 831. The daily 8 h median concentration of O3 was 101.04 μg·m-3. The excess relative risk was 0.461% （95%CI： 0.240%‒0.682%） at lag3. Stratified by gender and age， females， child and the aged had higher risk of respiratory diseases. In the double-pollutant model， PM2.5 and PM10 increased health effects， while CO reduced health effects. ConclusionThe increase of O3 concentration can increase the daily outpatient volume of respiratory diseases.
ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo understand the concentration levels of benzene， toluene and xylene in the workplaces of enterprises involved in benzene and benzene series in Jinshan District， and to provide the basis for the government to formulate key occupational disease prevention and control strategies. MethodsFrom 2016 to 2021， enterprises involved in benzene and benzene series were sampled individually， and the monitoring results of benzene and benzene series were statistically analyzed through workplace air sampling and laboratory detection. ResultsFrom 2016 to 2021， a total of 80 enterprises were monitored， and the total passing rate of individual monitoring was 87.50%， which decreased first and then increased. The difference was not statistically significant. A total of 387 individuals were sampled with a total passing rate of 95.61% and a detection rate of 73.38% （284 individuals）. The detection rates of benzene， toluene and xylene were 6.46%， 29.97% and 36.95%， respectively. The exceedance rates were 1.03%， 0.26% and 3.10%， respectively. Among the companies exceeding the standard， the metal products industry had the highest rate of exceedance （19.05%）. For individuals， those working in the printing and recording media reproduction industry had the highest rate of exceedance （10.26%）. ConclusionThe passing rate and detection rate of benzene and benzene series are relatively high in Jinshan District. The metal products industry and the printing and recording media reproduction industry have a higher exceedance rate of benzene and benzene series.
ABSTRACT
Background Air quality health index (AQHI) has been widely used to quantify the health effects of multiple pollutants observed in population-based epidemiological studies, and can better reflect the widespread linear non-threshold between air pollution and health effects. Objective To explore an AQHI for pediatric respiratory diseases (AQHIr) in Shanghai and evaluate its feasibility. Methods The daily numbers of hospital outpatient visits for pediatric respiratory diseases from 2015 to 2019 were obtained from five general hospitals in Xuhui, Baoshan, Hongkou, Jinshan, and Chongming Districts of Shanghai. Monitoring data on air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, and O3), air quality index (AQI), and meteorological variables (temperature, relative humidity, air pressure, and wind speed) were collected from five air quality monitoring sites nearest to selected hospitals. Time-series analysis using generalized additive model (GAM) was conducted to estimate the associations between respiratory-related pediatric outpatient visits and the concentrations of air pollutants. The sum of excess risk (ER) of hospital outpatient visits was used to construct AQHIr. To assess the predictive power of AQHIr, the associations of AQHIr and AQI with the number of pediatric respiratory outpatient visits in three hospitals in Xuhui, Hongkou, and Chongming districts were compared. Results Air pollutants had various effects on respiratory diseases outpatient visits. PM2.5, NO2, and O3 had most significant impacts on lag0 day and the associated ERs of hospital outpatient visits for each 10 μg·m−3 increase in pollutant concentration were 1.27% (95%CI: 0.88%-1.66%), 0.75% (95%CI: 0.40%-1.11%), and 0.36% (95%CI: 0.10%-0.62%), respectively. PM10 and SO2 had most significant impacts on lag3 day and the associated ERs of hospital outpatient visits for each 10 μg·m−3 increase in pollutant concentration were 0.81% (95%CI: 0.51%-1.12%) and 5.64% (95%CI: 3.37%-7.96%), respectively. There were significant effects of combinations of two pollutants among PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, and O3 except for PM10+NO2, SO2+PM2.5, and SO2+NO2 (P<0.05). According to the results of single-pollutant and two-pollutant models, PM2.5, NO2, SO2, and O3 were selected to construct AQHIr. The comparison showed that for every interquartile range increase in AQHIr, the ER for pediatric outpatient visits was higher than that for the value corresponding to AQI. Conclusion Air pollutants in Shanghai have an impact on the number of pediatric respiratory outpatient visits. The AQHIr based on and outpatient visits for pediatric respiratory diseases can be a sensitive index to predict the effects of air pollution on children's respiratory health.
ABSTRACT
Summary: The interaction of high-fat diet and the peptide YY (PYY) gene expression in diet-induced obesity and the mechanisms which predisposed some individuals to become obese on high-fat diet were explored. Thirty-six male SD rats were randomly divided into high-fat diet group (n=27) and chow fed control group (n=9). After 15 weeks of either a high-fat diet or chew fed diet, the high-fat diet group was subdivided into dietary induced obesity (DIO) and dietary induced obesity resistant (DIR) group according to the final body weight. Then the DIO rats were subdivided into two groups for a 8-week secondary dietary intervention. One of the group was switched to chew fed diet, whereas the other DIO and DIR rats continued on the initial high-fat diet. Weight gain and food intake were measured, food efficiency was calculated, and the concentrations of plasma neuropeptide Y (NPY) and PYY were assayed. Hypothalamic NPY mRNA expression and PYY mRNA expression in ileum and colon was detected by RT-PCR. The results showed that at the end of 15th week, the levels of body weight and caloric intake were significantly higher in DIO group than in DIR or control group (P<0.01), while no significant difference was found between DIR and control group (P>0.05). The concentration of plasma PYY was significantly higher in DIR group than in DIO and CF group, while no significant difference was found between DIO and CF group (P<0.01). After switching the DIO rats to chow fed diet, their body weight gains were significantly lower than that of the DIO-HF group. The expression of PYY mRNA was increased in DIO-HF/CF rats than in DIO-HF rats, and the expression of hypothalamic NPY mRNA was decreased in DIO-HF/CF rats than in DIO-HF group. It was concluded that both dietary composition and PYY gene expression could potently alter the hypothalamic NPY expression and result in different susceptibility to obese and overeating. The decreased PYY was associated with the increased NPY expression and their predisposal to obese and overeating in rats.
