ABSTRACT
Objective:To observe the peripapillary atrophy (PPA) and peripapillary choroidal vascularity index (CVI) in patients with different degrees of myopia and to analyze their correlations.Methods:A cross-sectional clinical study. From September 2021 to December 2021, 281 mypoic patients of 281 eyes treated in Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University at Hangzhou were included in this study, and the right eye was used as the treated eye. There were 135 eyes in 135 males and 146 eyes in 146 females. The age was 28.18±5.78 years. The spherical equivalent refraction (SE) was -5.13±2.33 D. The patients were divided into three groups: low myopia group (group A, -3.00 D <SE≤-0.50 D), moderate myopia group (group B, -6.00 D≤SE≤-3.00 D);high myopia group (group C, SE<-6.00 D). The spherical equivalent refraction was statistically different among the three groups ( H=241.353, P<0.05). All of the affected eyes were examined by swept-source optical coherence tomography. Combined with B-scan image,assessment and area measurement of β area, γ area (β-PPA and γ-PPA) were carried out on the en-face image. After binarization of the collected images, the nasal, superior, temporal and inferior CVI of the optic disc were calculated. For comparison between groups, one-way ANOVA was used for continuous variables with normal distribution, Kruskal-Wallis test was used for continuous variables with abnormal distribution, and categorical variables were used χ2 inspection. Linear regression analysis was used for the relationship between β-PPA and γ-PPA area and peripapillary CVI of different regions. Linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationships between the area of peripapillary atrophy and peripapillary choroidal vascularity index in different regions. Results:There was no statistical difference in the incidence of β-PPA among the three groups ( χ2=4.672, P=0.097). The incidence of γ-PPA in group A was lower than that in group B anc C, and the difference was statistically different ( χ2=33.053, P<0.001), in which both group A was lower than group B and C. Among the three groups, the area of β-PPA and γ-PPA was statistically significant ( H=36.535, 39.503; P<0.001, 0.001); the β-PPA area of group A and B was lower than that of group C; the γ-PPA area was group A <group B <group C. Peripapillary CVI of different regions in group A, group B and group C was statistically significant ( F=11.450, 5.037, 6.018, 4.489; P<0.05). The temporal CVI in group C was lower than that in group A and B; The inferior CVI of group C was lower than that of group A, and the superior and nasal CVI of group B and C were lower than that of group A. In multivariate analysis, SE ( β=0.374, P<0.001), temporal CVI ( β=-0.299, P<0.001) were correlated with the area of β-PPA (adjusted R2=296, P<0.001); AL ( β=0.452, P<0.001), temporal CVI ( β=-0.220, P<0.001) were correlated with the area of γ-PPA (adjusted R2=0.309, P<0.001). Conclusions:The incidence and area of γ-PPA are increased in the higher degree of myopia group. The area of γ-PPA is positively correlated with the axial length, and both the area of β-PPA and γ-PPA are negatively correlated with temporal CVI.
ABSTRACT
Propranolol (PRO) is widely detected in the aquatic environment and proved to be detrimental to multifarious aquatic organisms. In view of some virtues of sulfate radicals than hydroxyl radicals, advanced oxidation technologies that involve the activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) have stimulated wide-ranging research on the PRO removal. In this paper, a composite (C2NOMS-2) of amino-functionalized manganese octahedral molecular sieve (NOMS-2) and binuclear cobalt phthalocyanine (Co2CPc) was synthesized easily, and utilized as a catalyzer for PMS to degrade PRO in water. The apparent rate constants of PRO degradation by PMS with C2NOMS-2 as a catalyst was found to be higher than with NOMS-2, Co2CPc and the composite of uninuclear cobalt phthalocyanine (CoCPc) and NOMS-2. The catalytic ability of C2NOMS-2 was investigated under various reaction conditions: catalyst dosages (0.5-2.0â¯g/L), PMS doses (50-500â¯mg/L), initial pH (5-11), reaction temperature (20-35⯰C), and natural water constituents (Cl-, HCO3-, and sodium huminate). Radical scavenging tests and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy showed that 1O2 was the most critical reactive oxygen species, and conceivable mechanisms of PMS activation with C2NOMS-2 were proposed established on the curve estimation of high-resolution XPS spectra, revealing that the generation of reactive oxygen species was mainly resulted from the cycles of Mn3+/Mn4+, Co3+/Co2+ and surface lattice oxygen/surface adsorbed oxygen. The intermediate products of propranolol degradation were identified by LC-MS/MS. Cycling experiments and ion dissolution detection suggested that C2NOMS-2 could maintain satisfactory stability in an aqueous system.
