ABSTRACT
Background: Scoliosis is an abnormal side-to-side spinal curve of greater than or equal to 100 Cobb angle. It is the most common spinal deformity in children and adolescents. Epidemiological evidence about scoliosis is scarce in Africa, including Ethiopia. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of scoliosis among adolescents and analysing its association with age and sex using plain chest radiographs obtained for non-spinal reasons in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. Method: All non-tilted, non-rotated, and non-poorly penetrated digital plain chest radiographs of adolescents aged 10 to 19 years obtained at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital between January 1 and December 31, 2019, were measured for the coronal Cobb angle. The data were cleaned, coded, and entered into SPSS version 26 for analysis. Chi-square, and linear regression, and logistic regression analyses were also carried out to evaluate the effect of sex and age on scoliosis. Results: The Cobb angles of 1,369 posteroanterior chest radiographs of adolescents were measured. Thirty (2.2%, 95% CI: 1.4%, 3.0%) of these were found to have scoliosis. The mean coronal Cobb angle was 2.270±6.320. There was no statistically significant difference between the prevalence of scoliosis in boys (2.21%) and girls (2.17%) (X2=0.003, P=0.954). Likewise, age did not show any statistically significant difference in the prevalence of scoliosis (X2=2.655, P=0.265). Conclusion: This study revealed that incidental finding of adolescent scoliosis in plain chest radiographs is common. Further study using whole spine radiography should be carried out to determine the true general population prevalence of scoliosis in Ethiopia.
Subject(s)
Scoliosis , Humans , Scoliosis/epidemiology , Scoliosis/diagnostic imaging , Adolescent , Ethiopia/epidemiology , Male , Female , Prevalence , Child , Young Adult , Radiography, Thoracic/methods , Radiography/methods , Radiography/statistics & numerical data , Sex Factors , Hospitals, Special/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
Background: Mean aortic and common iliac artery diameters are the best indicators for the diagnosis of aortic and iliac ectasia and aneurysm, as well as the appropriate selection of angiographic catheter size and grafts for endovascular procedures. Currently, there is a lack of evidence regarding the normal abdominal aortic and common iliac artery diameters in Ethiopian adults. This study aimed to assess the mean diameter and associated factors of the abdominal aorta and common iliac arteries on abdominal CT scans of Ethiopian adults visiting Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: Institution-based prospective cross-sectional study was conducted. A convenience sampling method was employed. Data were collected from consecutive eligible adults who came for abdominal CT scans during the study period, using interviewer-administered structured questionnaires. The data was cleaned and analyzed using SPSS version 22. Student t-test and Pearson correlation were used to perform statistical analysis and the results were presented using tables and figures. Results: There were a total of 136 study participants of whom eighty-one(59.6%) were females and fifty-five (40.4%) were males. The mean age was 48.5 ± 13 with a range of 23 to77 years. The mean transverse diameter of the aorta at the aortic hiatus (T12)level was 2.30 ± 0.25cm in males and 2.03±0.19cm in females. The mean transverse diameter of the suprarenal aorta was 2.04 ± 0.21cm in males and 1.83 ± 0.21 cm in females while the infrarenal one was 1.77 ± 0.16cm in males and 1.54 ± 0.15cm in females. Participants who are male and older with large body Surface Area were found to have relatively larger aortic and iliac diameters. Conclusion: In this study, the mean diameter of the aorta and common iliac artery was significantly associated with age, sex, and BSA.
Subject(s)
Aorta, Abdominal , Iliac Artery , Adult , Female , Male , Humans , Young Adult , Aorta, Abdominal/diagnostic imaging , Iliac Artery/diagnostic imaging , Cross-Sectional Studies , Ethiopia , Prospective Studies , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
Background: Ectopic thyroid gland is an uncommon disorder in which thyroid tissue is located along the line of migration, dual ectopic thyroid is a rare entity where parts of the gland are located in two different locations. Case: A 14-year-old girl presented with dysphagia and odynophagia of six years duration with worsening of two weeks. Physical exam showed tongue base mass. Imaging revealed two enhancing masses at the tongue base and inferior to the hyoid bone. A diagnosis of dual ectopic thyroid was made. Conclusion: Dual ectopic thyroid is a rare occurrence and proper diagnosis is essential for proper management.
