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1.
Int J Cardiol ; 259: 71-75, 2018 05 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29472024

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Echocardiographic assessment of diastolic function in the setting of Fontan physiology is not well validated. We recently demonstrated that atrioventricular systolic to diastolic duration ratio (AVV S/D ratio) independently predicts mortality in Fontan-adults and that a value >1.1 was associated with poor prognosis. PURPOSE: To correlate echocardiographic measures of diastolic function with direct measurement of ventricular end-diastolic pressure (VEDP). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was undertaken of Fontan-adults who had transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) within 12 months of direct measurement of VEDP during cardiac catheterisation. RESULTS: Fifteen Fontan adults (3 males, mean age 29 ±â€¯9 years) were evaluated. Thirteen patients had dominant morphologic left ventricle and 2 had morphologic right ventricle. Four had atriopulmonary connection and 11 had total cavopulmonary connection. Twelve patients were NYHA Class I/II and 3 were Class III. Time between TTE and cardiac catheter was 46 ±â€¯113 days; VEDP was 8 ±â€¯5 mmHg. Ten patients had preserved ventricular function, 3 had mild and 2 had moderate systolic impairment by subjective TTE assessment. AVV S/D ratio had the strongest correlation with VEDP (r = 0.8, p = 0.001). AVV S/D ratio ≥ 1.1 had 100% positive predictive value and 92% negative predictive value for detecting VEDP >10 mmHg. The only conventional echocardiographic measure of diastolic function that correlated with VEDP was pulmonary vein A wave - atrioventricular A wave duration difference (r = 0.8, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: TTE measures reflect VEDP in adults with a Fontan circulation. AVV S/D ratio is a simple parameter yet to enter standard practice that can be used to identify elevated VEDP.


Subject(s)
Echocardiography/standards , Fontan Procedure/trends , Heart Defects, Congenital/diagnostic imaging , Heart Defects, Congenital/surgery , Stroke Volume/physiology , Ventricular Pressure/physiology , Adult , Echocardiography/methods , Exercise Test/methods , Exercise Test/standards , Female , Heart Defects, Congenital/physiopathology , Humans , Male , Retrospective Studies , Young Adult
2.
Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes ; 4(1): 51-58, 2018 01 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28950356

ABSTRACT

Aims: The New York Heart Association functional classification (NYHA class) is often used to describe the functional capacity of adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD), albeit with limited evidence on its validity in this heterogeneous population. We aimed to validate the NYHA functional classification in ACHD by examining its relation to objective measures of limitation using cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and mortality. Methods and results: This study included all ACHD patients who underwent a CPET between 2005 and 2015 at the Royal Brompton, in whom functional capacity was graded according to the NYHA classification. Congenital heart diagnoses were classified according to the Bethesda score. Time to all-cause mortality from CPET was recorded in all 2781 ACHD patients (mean age 33.8 ± 14.2 years) enrolled in the study. There was a strong relation between NYHA class and peak oxygen consumption (peak VO2), ventilation per unit in carbon dioxide production (VE/VCO2) slope and the Bethesda classification (P < 0.0001). Although a large number of 'asymptomatic' (NYHA class 1) patients did not achieve a 'normal' peak VO2, the NYHA class was a strong predictor of mortality, with an 8.7-fold increased mortality risk in class 3 compared with class 1 (hazard ratio 8.68, 95% confidence interval: 5.26-14.35, P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Despite underestimating the degree of limitation in some ACHD patients, NYHA classification remains a valuable clinical tool. It correlates with objective measures of exercise and the severity of underlying cardiac disease, as well as mid- to long-term mortality and should, thus, be into incorporated the routine assessment and risk stratification of these patients.


Subject(s)
American Heart Association , Exercise Tolerance/physiology , Heart Defects, Congenital/classification , Adult , Exercise Test , Female , Heart Defects, Congenital/mortality , Heart Defects, Congenital/physiopathology , Humans , Male , New York , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Survival Rate/trends , United Kingdom/epidemiology , United States
3.
Int J Cardiol ; 224: 440-446, 2016 Dec 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27710781

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Although mitral regurgitation (MR) affects a relevant and increasing number of elderly, an optimal management of this high-risk population is challenging. METHODS AND RESULTS: The aim of this prospective, observational study was to compare one-year outcomes of MitraClip therapy in high surgical risk patients with moderate-to-severe or severe MR between patients aged <75 versus ≥75years. A total of 180 patients were included: 92 were <75years and 88 were ≥75years old. At one-year follow-up the primary efficacy endpoint (composite of death, surgery for mitral valve dysfunction and grade 3+ or 4+ MR) occurred in 41 patients (24.5%), with similar rates between those aged <75years (23.9%) and those ≥75years (25.2%), p=0.912. A total of 21 (12.2%) deaths were observed within 1year after the MitraClip procedure, without significant differences in cumulative mortality rates between elderly and younger patients (10.8% vs. 13.3%, respectively, p=0.574). Compared with baseline, the significant reduction in MR severity achieved after the procedure was sustained at one-year follow-up, in both elderly and younger patients and a significant improvement in NYHA functional class was observed in both groups. A total of 18 (10.0%) patients experienced a re-hospitalization for acute heart failure within one-year after the MitraClip procedure, with no significant differences between elderly and younger. At one-year follow-up both elderly and younger patients showed significant reductions in left ventricular volumes, with changes of similar extent between the two subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: MitraClip therapy can be considered a viable option also among subsets with more advanced age.


Subject(s)
Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation , Mitral Valve Insufficiency , Mitral Valve , Postoperative Complications , Risk Adjustment/methods , Age Factors , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Comorbidity , Echocardiography/methods , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Heart Valve Prosthesis , Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation/adverse effects , Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation/instrumentation , Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation/methods , Humans , Italy/epidemiology , Male , Middle Aged , Mitral Valve/pathology , Mitral Valve/surgery , Mitral Valve Insufficiency/diagnosis , Mitral Valve Insufficiency/mortality , Mitral Valve Insufficiency/physiopathology , Mitral Valve Insufficiency/surgery , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care , Postoperative Complications/diagnosis , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Prospective Studies , Severity of Illness Index
4.
EuroIntervention ; 11(14): e1649-57, 2016 Apr 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27056125

ABSTRACT

AIMS: Our aim was to evaluate the impact of baseline chronic kidney disease (CKD) on clinical outcomes after percutaneous edge-to-edge mitral valve repair (PMVR). METHODS AND RESULTS: Two hundred and fourteen consecutive patients dichotomised by the presence of baseline CKD (n=113) or no-CKD (n=101) had their clinical outcomes compared up to 12-month follow-up. The primary safety endpoint was the incidence of major adverse events and the primary efficacy endpoint was freedom from death, surgery for MV dysfunction, or grade ≥3+ MR. The primary safety endpoint was demonstrated in 12.4% vs. 2.0% in CKD and no-CKD patients, respectively (p=0.003). The primary efficacy endpoint at 12 months was significantly lower in CKD patients (65.8% vs. 84.2%, respectively, log-rank p=0.005). While MR reduction and NYHA functional class improvement were mostly sustained and equivalent up to 12 months in no-CKD patients, they were impaired in CKD patients. Baseline CKD was an independent predictor of the primary efficacy endpoint (adjusted HR 2.48, 95% CI: 1.29 to 4.79, p=0.006) and calcified leaflet predicted grade ≥3+ MR at 12 months (adjusted HR 6.56, 95% CI: 2.71 to 15.88, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: CKD patients had worse clinical outcomes compared with no-CKD patients post PMVR. CKD was an independent predictor of the primary efficacy endpoint, whereas calcified leaflet was an independent predictor of grade ≥3+ MR at 12 months.


Subject(s)
Mitral Valve Insufficiency/surgery , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation/methods , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Mitral Valve Insufficiency/etiology , Registries , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/surgery , Severity of Illness Index , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
5.
J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) ; 17(7): 524-9, 2016 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25304032

ABSTRACT

AIMS: To explore the ability of the ACEF score to predict the incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients undergoing coronary angiography with or without percutaneous coronary intervention. METHODS: A total of 706 patients undergoing coronary angiography ±â€Špercutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) between March 2011 and October 2011 were analyzed. CIN using different definitions was termed as CINnarrow (rise in serum creatinine ≥0.5 mg/dl) and CINbroad (rise in serum creatinine ≥0.5 mg/dl and/or ≥25% increase in baseline serum creatinine). RESULTS: The mean ACEF score was 1.5 ±â€Š0.6. Overall incidences of CINnarrow and CINbroad were 5.5% and 13.6%, respectively. There was a significant gradient in the incidence of CINnarrow (2.9%, 3.9%, 10.6% in the I, II, and III tertiles, respectively, P < 0.001) and CINbroad (9.1%, 14.2%, 17.9% in the I, II, and III tertiles, respectively, P = 0.021) across increasing ACEF tertiles. The ACEF score was independently associated with the risk of CINnarrow (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0-2.7; P = 0.047). Discrimination was more satisfactory when using the ACEF as a predictor of CINnarrow (c-statistic 0.71, 95% 0.63-0.79). CONCLUSION: The ACEF score is an independent and potentially useful predictor of CIN defined as rise in serum creatinine ≥0.5 mg/dl.


Subject(s)
Cardiac Catheterization/adverse effects , Contrast Media/adverse effects , Coronary Angiography/adverse effects , Kidney Diseases/chemically induced , Kidney Diseases/epidemiology , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Creatinine/blood , Female , Humans , Incidence , Italy , Logistic Models , Male , Middle Aged , Multivariate Analysis , Odds Ratio , Percutaneous Coronary Intervention , Predictive Value of Tests , ROC Curve , Risk Factors , Severity of Illness Index
6.
J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) ; 17(11): 843-9, 2016 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26258717

ABSTRACT

AIMS: To appraise the early effect of percutaneous mitral valve repair with the MitraClip system on myocardial function using real-time three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (3D-STE). METHODS: Consecutive patients with moderate-to-severe or severe mitral regurgitation, undergoing mitral valve repair with the MitraClip system, were prospectively evaluated during the peri-procedural workout and follow-up. Left ventricular deformation was evaluated by a two-dimensional and 3D speckle-tracking analysis. 3D-STE acquisitions were elaborated obtaining real-time 3D global longitudinal strain evaluation, and by appraising both volumetric and hemodynamic parameters (i.e. left ventricular end-diastolic volume, left ventricular end-systolic volume, left ventricular ejection fraction, cardiac output, and stroke volume). RESULTS: In all, 30 patients were included. At 1-month follow-up, 3D-STE analysis revealed no changes in left ventricular end-diastolic volume (162.6 ±â€Š73.7 ml at baseline vs. 159.8 ±â€Š64.5 ml at 1-month follow-up; P = 0.63) and a downward trend in left ventricular end-systolic volume (104.7 ±â€Š52.0 vs. 100.1 ±â€Š50.4 ml, respectively; P = 0.06). Left ventricular ejection fraction did not significantly increase (38.1 ±â€Š11.3% at baseline vs. 39.4 ±â€Š11.0% at 1-month follow-up; P = 0.20). No significant changes were reported in cardiac output (4.3 ±â€Š2.0 l/min at baseline vs. 4.0 ±â€Š1.5 l/min at follow-up; P = 0.377) and in stroke volume (59.5 ±â€Š25.5 ml at baseline vs. 59.9 ±â€Š20.7 ml at follow-up; P = 0.867). On the contrary, left ventricular deformation capability significantly improved, with the real-time 3D global longitudinal strain value changing from -9.8 ±â€Š4.1% at baseline to -11.0 ±â€Š4.4% at follow-up (P = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS: Accurately assessing myocardial function by the use of 3D-STE, this study reported irrelevant early changes in left ventricular size, but a positive effect on left ventricular deformation capability following mitral valve repair with the MitraClip system. These preliminary results need to be confirmed in larger series and extended to long-term follow-up.


Subject(s)
Heart Ventricles/diagnostic imaging , Mitral Valve Insufficiency/surgery , Mitral Valve/surgery , Stroke Volume , Surgical Fixation Devices/statistics & numerical data , Ventricular Function, Left , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional , Female , Humans , Male , Treatment Outcome
7.
Catheter Cardiovasc Interv ; 85(5): 889-97, 2015 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25367550

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To assess the influence of patients' gender on the outcomes of percutaneous edge-to-edge mitral valve repair (PMVR) using the MitraClip system. BACKGROUND: Although gender-related differences have been extensively documented in patients who undergo surgery for moderate-to-severe (3+) and severe (4+) mitral regurgitation (MR), studies assessing whether these differences exist after PMVR are lacking. METHODS: Clinical and echocardiographic data through 12-month follow up from 171 consecutive patients whom underwent MitraClip implantation and were dichotomized by the gender (106 males and 65 females) were obtained. The primary safety endpoint was the incidence of major adverse events at 30 days and the primary efficacy endpoint was freedom from death, surgery for mitral valve dysfunction, or grade≥3+ MR at 12-month follow up. RESULTS: The primary safety endpoint was observed in four males (3.8%) and four females (6.2%) (P=0.358). Remarkable reduction in MR postprocedure was revealed in both groups, and these results were mostly sustained. Furthermore, left ventricle reverse remodeling and New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class improvement were revealed in both groups, but females tended to demonstrate worse results over time (P=0.083). The primary efficacy endpoint obtained by Kaplan-Meier estimates was observed in 76.3 and 70.2%, respectively (log rank P=0.231). CONCLUSIONS: MitraClip implantation in patients with 3+ and 4+ MR is safe and efficacious until mid-term follow up, regardless of patients' gender. Despite improvement in NYHA functional class in both groups, female gender demonstrated a trend toward poorer results. Further validation of our findings is warranted.


Subject(s)
Echocardiography , Heart Valve Prosthesis , Mitral Valve Insufficiency/surgery , Mitral Valve/surgery , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Registries , Aged , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Incidence , Italy/epidemiology , Male , Mitral Valve Insufficiency/diagnostic imaging , Prosthesis Design , Sex Factors , Time Factors
8.
JACC Cardiovasc Interv ; 8(1 Pt A): 74-82, 2015 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25499300

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: This study sought to compare, in high-risk patients with 3+ to 4+ mitral regurgitation (MR) dichotomized by baseline echocardiographic features, acute, 30-day, and 12-month outcomes following percutaneous mitral valve repair using the MitraClip. BACKGROUND: The feasibility and mid-term outcomes after MitraClip implantation in patients with echocardiographic features different from the EVEREST (Endovascular Valve Edge-to-Edge Repair) I and II trials have been scarcely studied. METHODS: Clinical and echocardiographic outcomes through 12-month follow-up of consecutive patients who underwent MitraClip implantation were obtained from an ongoing prospective registry. Two different groups, divided according to baseline echocardiographic criteria (investigational group [EVERESTOFF] and control group [EVERESTON]), were compared. RESULTS: Seventy-eight patients were included in EVERESTOFF and 93 patients in EVERESTON groups. Important and comparable acute reductions in MR and no clip-related complications were revealed. The primary safety endpoint at 30 days was comparable between groups (2.6% vs. 6.5%, respectively, p = 0.204); in addition, MR reduction was mostly sustained, whereas equivalent improvement in New York Heart Association functional class were demonstrated. Kaplan-Meier freedom from death, surgery for mitral valve dysfunction, or grade ≥3+ MR at 12 months was demonstrated in 71.4% and 76.2%, respectively, in the EVERESTOFF and EVERESTON groups (log rank p = 0.378). Significant improvements in ejection fraction and reduction in left ventricle volumes were demonstrated in both groups over time, but the baseline between-group differences were sustained. CONCLUSIONS: MitraClip implantation in patients with expanded baseline echocardiographic features, compared with the control group, was associated with similar rates of safety and efficacy through 12-month follow-up. Further validation of our findings is warranted.


Subject(s)
Cardiac Surgical Procedures/instrumentation , Mitral Valve Insufficiency/surgery , Mitral Valve/surgery , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cardiac Surgical Procedures/adverse effects , Cardiac Surgical Procedures/mortality , Case-Control Studies , Feasibility Studies , Female , Hemodynamics , Humans , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Male , Middle Aged , Mitral Valve/diagnostic imaging , Mitral Valve/physiopathology , Mitral Valve Insufficiency/diagnostic imaging , Mitral Valve Insufficiency/mortality , Mitral Valve Insufficiency/physiopathology , Predictive Value of Tests , Prospective Studies , Recovery of Function , Registries , Risk Factors , Severity of Illness Index , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome , Ultrasonography , Ventricular Function, Left
10.
Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging ; 15(11): 1246-55, 2014 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24939944

ABSTRACT

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of baseline tricuspid regurgitation (TR) on the outcomes after percutaneous mitral valve repair (PMVR) with the MitraClip system. METHODS AND RESULTS: Data from 146 consecutive patients with functional mitral regurgitation (MR) were obtained. Two different groups, dichotomized according to the degree of pre-procedural TR (moderate/severe, n = 47 and none/mild, n = 99), had their clinical and echocardiographic outcomes through 12-month compared. At 30-day, the primary safety endpoint was significantly higher in moderate/severe TR compared with none/mild TR (10.6 vs. 2.0%, P = 0.035). Marked reduction in MR grades observed post-procedure were maintained through 12 months. Although NYHA functional class significantly improved in both groups compared with baseline, it was impaired in moderate/severe TR compared with the none/mild TR group (NYHA > II at 30 day: 33.3 vs. 9.2%, P < 0.001; at 1 year: 38.5 vs. 12.3%, respectively, P = 0.006). Left ventricle reverse remodelling and ejection fraction improvement were revealed in both groups. The primary efficacy endpoint at 12-month determined by freedom from death, surgery for mitral valve dysfunction, or grade ≥ 3+ MR was comparable between groups, but combined death and re-hospitalization for heart failure rates were higher in the moderate/severe TR group. Multivariable Cox regression analysis demonstrated that baseline moderate/severe TR and chronic kidney disease were independent predictors of this combined endpoint. CONCLUSIONS: Although PMVR with MitraClip led to improvement in MR, TR, and NYHA functional class in patients with baseline moderate/severe TR, the primary safety endpoint at 30-day was impaired, while moderate/severe TR independently predicted death and re-hospitalization for heart failure at 12-month.


Subject(s)
Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation/methods , Heart Valve Prosthesis , Mitral Valve Insufficiency/surgery , Mitral Valve/surgery , Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency/surgery , Aged , Comorbidity , Echocardiography , Endpoint Determination , Female , Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation/mortality , Humans , Male , Mitral Valve Insufficiency/mortality , Patient Readmission/statistics & numerical data , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency/mortality
12.
Catheter Cardiovasc Interv ; 83(6): 907-12, 2014 May 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23934631

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Whether predicting the risk of early serum creatinine rise using the ratio of the volume of contrast media administered to the estimated creatinine clearance (V/CrCl) is applicable to the broader definition of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) (≥0.5 mg/dL absolute and/or 25% relative increase from baseline serum creatinine) is unknown. BACKGROUND: A V/CrCl ≥4 has been proven to predict the risk of ≥0.5 mg/dL postprocedural absolute rise in serum creatinine. METHODS: A total of 722 patients undergoing coronary angiography ± percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) between March 2011 and October 2011 with paired serum creatinine determinations at preprocedure and within 72-hr postprocedure were analyzed. The V/CrCl ratio was calculated by dividing the volume of contrast received by the patient's creatinine clearance. CIN using different definitions was termed as CINnarrow (rise in serum creatinine ≥0.5 mg/dL) and CINbroad (rise in serum creatinine ≥0.5 mg/dL and/or ≥25% increase in baseline serum creatinine). RESULTS: The mean age was 66 ± 11 years and the mean baseline serum creatinine was 1.1 ± 0.8 mg/dL. Patients with V/CrCl ≥4 were significantly older and more frequently underwent ad hoc PCI compared with those with V/CrCl <4. CINnarrow and CINbroad were observed in 13 versus 3% (P < 0.001) and 23 versus 11% (P < 0.001) of patients with or without V/CrCl ≥4, respectively. After statistical adjustment, a V/CrCl ratio ≥4 remained significantly associated with the risk of both CINnarrow [adjusted OR 3.5, 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) 1.7-7.3; P < 0.001] and CINbroad (adjusted OR 2.5, 95% 1.6-3.9; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A volume-to-creatinine clearance ratio ≥4 significantly predicts the risk of early postprocedural rise in serum creatinine regardless of the CIN definition adopted.


Subject(s)
Contrast Media/adverse effects , Coronary Angiography/adverse effects , Coronary Artery Disease/diagnostic imaging , Coronary Artery Disease/therapy , Coronary Vessels/diagnostic imaging , Creatinine/blood , Kidney Diseases/chemically induced , Percutaneous Coronary Intervention/adverse effects , Terminology as Topic , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Biomarkers/blood , Coronary Artery Disease/blood , Female , Humans , Kidney Diseases/blood , Kidney Diseases/diagnosis , Logistic Models , Male , Middle Aged , Multivariate Analysis , Odds Ratio , Predictive Value of Tests , Risk Factors , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome , Up-Regulation
14.
Am J Cardiol ; 112(3): 323-9, 2013 Aug 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23642508

ABSTRACT

The aim of the present study was to externally validate the European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE) II (ESII) in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and to compare its performance with that of its previously released versions, named additive (addES) and logistic EuroSCORE (logES). A total of 537 patients undergoing PCI were analyzed by different measurements of discrimination, calibration, and global accuracy. A significant gradient in all-cause mortality was seen with all the models at 30 days, 1 year, and 5 years, with the exception of the ESII at 30 days. The ESII had the lowest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve at all time points compared with its previous version, being 0.83 (vs 0.90 for both addES and logES) at 30 days, 0.75 (vs 0.82 for both addES and logES) at 1 year, and 0.69 (vs 0.77 for addES and 0.76 for logES) at 5 years. However, the ESII displayed a better calibration than the logES at 30 days, whereas both scores were miscalibrated at 1 and 5 years. The Brier score displayed similar global accuracy between the ESII and logES. In conclusion, the ESII is better calibrated than the logES at 30 days but does not represent a step forward in discrimination and global accuracy compared with its previous versions for predicting early- and long-term mortality of patients undergoing PCI.


Subject(s)
Coronary Artery Disease/complications , Coronary Artery Disease/therapy , Renal Artery Obstruction/complications , Renal Artery Obstruction/therapy , Risk Assessment/statistics & numerical data , Stents , Aged , Angiography , Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary/mortality , Cause of Death , Cohort Studies , Coronary Artery Disease/mortality , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Italy , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Male , Mass Screening , Middle Aged , Patient Readmission , Prognosis , Renal Artery Obstruction/mortality , Retreatment , Survival Rate
15.
Am J Cardiol ; 111(10): 1482-7, 2013 May 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23433761

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to report on the 30-day and 1-year outcomes of percutaneous mitral valve repair with the MitraClip technique in patients with grade ≥3+ mitral regurgitation (MR) at high risk for conventional surgical therapy enrolled in the prospective Getting Reduction of Mitral Insufficiency by Percutaneous Clip Implantation (GRASP) registry. Acute device success was defined as residual MR ≤2+ after clip implantation. The primary safety end point was the rate of major adverse events at 30 days. The primary efficacy end point was freedom from death, surgery for mitral valve dysfunction, or grade ≥3+ MR at 30 days and 1 year. A total of 117 patients were treated. Eighty-nine patients (76%) presented with functional MR and 28 patients (24%) with organic MR. Acute device success was observed in all patients. Device implantation time significantly diminished with experience and varied significantly between cases with 1 versus ≥2 clips. No procedural mortality was recorded. Major adverse events occurred in 4 patients at 30 days (4.3%). Deterioration to MR ≥3+ was recorded in 25% of patients with degenerative MR and 7% of those with functional MR at 1 year. No surgery for mitral valve dysfunction occurred within 1 year. Freedom from death, surgery for mitral valve dysfunction, or grade ≥3+ MR was 96.4% and 75.8% at 30 days and 1 year, respectively. No significant differences were noted in the primary efficacy end point between patients with degenerative MR and those with functional MR. In conclusion, percutaneous mitral valve repair with the MitraClip technique was shown to be safe and reasonably effective in 117 patients from a real-world setting.


Subject(s)
Cardiac Catheterization , Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation/methods , Mitral Valve Insufficiency/surgery , Mitral Valve/surgery , Aged , Echocardiography , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Italy/epidemiology , Male , Mitral Valve Insufficiency/diagnosis , Mitral Valve Insufficiency/mortality , Prospective Studies , Prosthesis Design , Safety , Severity of Illness Index , Survival Rate/trends , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
16.
Int J Cardiol ; 168(1): 396-402, 2013 Sep 20.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23041093

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to appraise the comparative ability of different ACEF models incorporating glomerular filtration rate or creatinine clearance estimated by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease [ACEFMDRD] or Cokcroft-Gault [ACEFCG] equations, respectively, over the original ACEF score (ACEFSrCr) in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS: A total of 537 patients were analyzed by different measures of discrimination, calibration and net reclassification improvement (NRI). RESULTS: A significant gradient in all-cause mortality was consistently seen with all the models at 30 days, 1 year and 5 years. The comparison of the three models showed that the best balance in terms of discrimination and calibration for all-cause mortality was offered by the ACEFCG at 30 days, the ACEFMDRD at 1 year and similarly by the ACEFCG and ACEFMDRD at 5 years. At 30 days, the NRI was +32.9% for ACEFMDRD over ACEFSrCr and +16% for ACEFCG over ACEFSrCr. At 1 year, the NRI was 13.8% for ACEFMDRD over ACEFSrCr and -7.8% for ACEFCG over ACEFSrCr. At 5 years, the NRI was +7.7% for both the ACEFMDRD and the ACEFCG over the ACEFSrCr. CONCLUSIONS: In patients undergoing PCI, the ACEF score is associated with satisfactory early-, mid- and long-term discrimination regardless of the definition of renal function. However, incorporating glomerular filtration rate or creatinine clearance by the MDRD or CG formulas in the ACEF score yields superior calibration compared with the original SrCr-based equation, with the ACEFMDRD displaying superior reclassification ability over the ACEFCG and ACEFSrCr at 30 days and 1 year.


Subject(s)
Creatinine/metabolism , Glomerular Filtration Rate/physiology , Kidney Diseases/metabolism , Percutaneous Coronary Intervention/trends , Severity of Illness Index , Stroke Volume/physiology , Age Factors , Aged , Cohort Studies , Female , Humans , Kidney Diseases/diagnosis , Kidney Diseases/physiopathology , Male , Middle Aged , Time Factors
17.
Catheter Cardiovasc Interv ; 82(3): 333-40, 2013 Sep 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22936604

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: We investigated the prognostic accuracy of a standardized quantification of incomplete revascularization after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of the unprotected left main coronary artery (ULMCA) named residual SYNTAX score (rSS). BACKGROUND: Prognostic implications of coronary lesions left untreated after ULMCA PCI are confounded by the lack of a uniform definition of incomplete revascularization. METHODS: Baseline SYNTAX score (bSS), rSS, and the difference between bSS and rSS (ΔSS ) were assessed in predicting the risk of 2-year cardiac mortality of 400 patients undergoing ULMCA PCI. RESULTS: The rSS and bSS showed comparable discrimination (rSS area under the curve [AUC] 0.72, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.61-0.83; bSS AUC 0.73, 95% CI 0.62-0.84). Hosmer-Lemeshow statistics were 0.60 for rSS (P = 0.44) and 2.45 (P = 0.12) for bSS, reflecting better calibration ability of the rSS. The ΔSS provided the worst discrimination and calibration characteristics (AUC 0.55; 95% CI 0.44-0.66; Hosmer-Lemeshow statistic 3.13, P = 0.08). The rSS was independently associated with the 2-year adjusted-risk of cardiac mortality (hazard ratio 1.07, 95% CI 1.03-1.12, P = 0.001). The risk information from both the rSS and bSS slightly improved the discrimination ability compared with risk information from each single risk assessment (AUC 0.74, 95% CI 0.62-0.86) with a net reclassification improvement of +14.2% and +13.6% over rSS and bSS alone, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The rSS carries a prognostic value as independent predictor of 2-year cardiac mortality. Compared with a single assessment of the SYNTAX score, information coming from repeat assessment of the angiographic risk may improve the ability to discriminate and reclassify patients undergoing ULMCA PCI.


Subject(s)
Coronary Angiography , Coronary Artery Disease/therapy , Coronary Vessels/diagnostic imaging , Decision Support Techniques , Percutaneous Coronary Intervention/adverse effects , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Area Under Curve , Coronary Artery Disease/diagnostic imaging , Coronary Artery Disease/mortality , Discriminant Analysis , Female , Humans , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Male , Middle Aged , Multivariate Analysis , Percutaneous Coronary Intervention/mortality , Predictive Value of Tests , Proportional Hazards Models , Registries , Risk Factors , Severity of Illness Index , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
18.
Am J Cardiol ; 108(3): 355-9, 2011 Aug 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21545992

ABSTRACT

Uncertainty surrounds the optimal revascularization strategy for patients with left main coronary artery disease presenting with acute coronary syndromes (ACSs), and adequately sized specific comparisons of percutaneous and surgical revascularization in this scenario are lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of 1-year major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) in patients with left main coronary artery disease and ACS treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and drug-eluting stent implantation or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). A total of 583 patients were included. At 1 year, MACEs were significantly higher in patients treated with PCI (n = 222) compared to those treated with CABG (n = 361, 14.4% vs 5.3%, p <0.001), driven by a higher rate of target lesion revascularization (8.1% vs 1.7%, p = 0.001). This finding was consistent after statistical adjustment for MACEs (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 2.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2 to 5.9, p = 0.01) and target lesion revascularization (adjusted HR 8.0, 95% CI 2.2 to 28.7, p = 0.001). No statistically significant differences between PCI and CABG were noted for death (adjusted HR 1.1, 95% CI 0.4 to 3.0, p = 0.81) and myocardial infarction (adjusted HR 4.8, 95% CI 0.3 to 68.6, p = 0.25). No interaction between clinical presentation (ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction or unstable angina/non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction) and treatment (PCI or CABG) was observed (p for interaction = 0.68). In conclusion, in patients with left main coronary artery disease and ACS, PCI is associated with similar safety compared to CABG but higher risk of MACEs driven by increased risk of repeat revascularization.


Subject(s)
Acute Coronary Syndrome/surgery , Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary , Coronary Artery Bypass , Coronary Artery Disease/surgery , Drug-Eluting Stents , Postoperative Complications/mortality , Registries , Acute Coronary Syndrome/mortality , Aged , Coronary Artery Disease/mortality , Disease-Free Survival , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Myocardial Infarction/mortality
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