Possible mechanisms for the effect of protein sensitization on functional properties of the isolated m. soleus and m. EDL from mice.

We studied possible involvement of ATP in the influence of protein sensitization on contractile function and non-quantum secretion in the end-plate of isolated skeletal muscles from mouse leg. The dynamic vector of muscle contraction force was shown to correlate with changes in non-quantum secretion of acetylcholine under various conditions of experimental pathology. However, the degree of these changes was lower in sensitized animals. It can be hypothesized that the ATP-induced variability in functional properties of slow muscles during protein sensitization reflects the development of resistance to external loads. The adaptive changes in fast muscles during protein sensitization are not associated with the ATP-mediated mechanisms of excitation.

Change in lymph flow during low-grade fever and febrile fever under experimental conditions.

Experiments on rats showed that low-grade fever is accompanied by a decrease in the central lymph flow rate, which results from inactivation of lymphangion components in lymphatic microvessels of the small intestine mesentery. Lymph flow rate was shown to increase during pyrogenal-induced fever, which did not depend on the duration of the disease.

Reactivity of tracheal smooth muscles in albino rats with experimental diabetes mellitus treated with a new complex compound of oxovanadium (IV) and isonicotinic acid hydrazide.

We studied functional properties of tracheal smooth muscle cells in rats with diabetes mellitus. Reactivity of tracheal smooth muscles increased in rats with experimental alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus. A new complex compound of oxovanadium (IV) and isonicotinic acid hydrazide affected reactivity of tracheal smooth muscles in albino rats with experimental type I diabetes mellitus. This new organic vanadium-containing compound reduced contractility of tracheal smooth muscles in rats and potentiated relaxation of smooth muscle cells in the trachea in response to exogenous nitric oxide.

Changes in the count of pancreatic beta- and alpha-cells and blood glucose level in rats with alloxan-induced diabetes.

We estimated the count of pancreatic alpha- and beta-cells and blood glucose level at various stages of alloxan-induced diabetes in rats. Alloxan decreased the count of insulin-producing beta-cells, but increased the number of glucagon-secreting alpha-cells in the pancreas (week 1 of diabetes). These changes were accompanied by hyperglycemia. The decrease in blood glucose level in diabetic rats was associated with an increase in beta-cell count against the background of high density of pancreatic alpha-cells.

Correction of lipid composition of the lymph and blood during immediate type hypersensitivity.

Combination therapy with hydrocortisone and norepinephrine improved resorption and transport functions of the lymphatic system during anaphylactic shock, which was accompanied by a considerable increase in the contents of total lipids, phospholipids, cholesterol, nonesterified fatty acids, and malonic dialdehyde (lipid peroxidation product) in the lymph and blood. It should be emphasized that lipid concentration in the lymph increased to a greater extent than in the blood.

[Indications for hypoxitherapy]. / O pokazaniiakh k gipoksiterapii.

Hypoxytherapy is the non-medicinal therapeutic method using gaseous hypoxic mixture (GHM) with decreased oxygen contents. The method is based on the activation of body protective mechanisms, phagocytosis stimulation, microcirculation improvement, sedative effect. GHM therapy is indicated in neurosis, CHD, hypertension, chronic pulmonary obstructive disease, to prevent from side effect of ionizing radiation, to increase the resistance during complex therapy of oncologic patients. The method is contraindicated in acute diseases, decompensation of chronic diseases. The authors noted that it is reasonable to use GHM low doses in rehabilitation period after acute pneumonia and in geriatrics. Quite satisfactory effect was obtained in therapy of lower extremity atherosclerosis. For the first time the fact of concrement passage under GHM influence was registered and hypoxytherapy was included into the complex therapy of urolithiasis.

Allergic alteration in the organism is associated with disturbances in lipid composition of the lymph.

Anaphylactic shock causes changes in the transport chain of lipid metabolism in the blood-tissue-lymph-blood system. During the early periods of shock, the changes in lipid composition of the lymph and blood result from increased permeability of the blood-tissue barriers, while at later terms, these processes are primarily determined by metabolic changes.

Correction of lymph circulation during immediate hypersensitivity reaction.

We measured lymph flow rate in the thoracic lymphatic duct of dogs with anaphylactic shock receiving mono- or combination therapy with norepinephrine and hydrocortisone. Intensification of lymph circulation improved resorption and transport of metabolic products from the interstitial space through lymphatic vessels and stimulated exchange processes in the blood and tissues during allergic alterations.

Key role of mitochondria in apoptosis of lymphocytes.

Changes in the mitochondrial potential, expression of phosphatidylserine, parameters of direct and lateral light scattering, and DNA fragmentation during spontaneous and induced apoptosis in peripheral blood lymphocytes were studied by flow cytofluorometry. Dexamethasone and Ca2+ ionophore A23187 served as inductors of apoptosis. A decrease in the mitochondrial potential is an early sign of spontaneous and induced apoptosis. Phosphatidylserine expression on the outer plasma membrane occurred later and inversely depended on the mitochondrial potential. Our results indicate that the involvement of mitochondria in spontaneous and induced apoptosis accompanied by a decrease in the mitochondrial potential is an early and key event of programmed lymphocyte death. The decrease in the mitochondrial potential of lymphocytes induced degradation of their nuclei (DNA fragmentation) and promoted elimination of apoptotic cells (phosphatidylserine expression).

[Transferase contents in lymph and blood in fever reaction]. / Soderzhanie transferaz v limfe i krovi pri likhoradochnoi reaktsii.

The aim of the present investigation was the study of the content of alanine, asparagine-transaminases, gamma-glutamyl transferase and their isoenzymes, as well as leucine aminotransferase in the lymph of thoracic duct, hepatic and intestinal lymph and peripheral blood in dynamics of fever reaction of various duration in the experiments on rabbits. Irrespective of its duration, the fever was followed by a significant activation of the enzymes in the body fluids. However, in many-day fever reaction, a rise of enzymes level in the lymph was more prolonged than that in the blood. The above studies make it possible to assume that the released enzymes in fever reaction are primarily resorbed by lymphatic capillaries and their activity indices in the blood serum are largely evidenced by the transport function of the lymphatic system.

[Effect of the fever reaction on lymph cytologic composition and lymph node structure]. / Vliianie likhoradochnoi reaktsii na tsitologicheskii sostav limfy i struktury limfaticheskogo uzla.

The authors studied the cytologic composition of afferent and efferent lymph and the morphology of the popliteal lymph node during a fever reaction of various duration. The fever reaction was attended by quantitative and qualitative in the cytologic composition of both lymph types. Reduction of the leukocyte count in the first hours of fever was replaced by its increase: the percentage of small- and moderate-size lymphocytes reduced, while that of poorly-differentiated cells--blasts and prolymphocytes--increased. The number of neutrophils and monocytes in the afferent lymph grew and its toxicity increased. Phenomena of dynamic stereotypy were noted during the development of the fever reaction: hyperplasia of the lymphatic substance with an increase of the number of lymphocytes and poorly-differentiated cells in the follicles and paracortical zone of the lymph nodes, hyperplasia of the pulpar bands, and signs of a macrophageal reaction.

[Morpho-functional changes in the lymph nodes during fever reaction]. / Morfofunktsional'naia perestroika limfaticheskikh uzlov pri likhoradochnoi reaktsii.

Lymph nodes (mesenteric, popliteal, cervical) of rabbits in fever reaction of different duration have been studied in our work. As a whole morpho-functional changes in lymph nodes in fever reaction indicate the increase of their functional activity: hyperplasia of lymphatic substance with the growth of lymphocytes number and slightly differentiated lymphoid cells in follicles and paracortical zone, hyperplasia of pulposus bands, the signs of macrophagal reaction and plasmatization of lymph nodes are to be observed and all these create prerequisites for the increase of tensity of cellular and humoral immunity. Simultaneously the signs of destruction of cellular elements--lymphocytolysis in the porta tract and the growth of number of PAS-positive cells in the parenchyma of the nodes take place.