ABSTRACT
The direct agglutination test (DAT) was performed on 480 serum samples from suspected cases of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in different parts of Bangladesh. Significant titres (> or = 1:3200) were found in 257 sera (53.5%). All patients with positive bone-marrow aspirates also had significant DAT titres. The male:female seroprevalence ratio was 2:1 and the age-group 0-20 years was the most affected. The DAT proved a simple, economical and reliable diagnostic test for VL.
Subject(s)
Leishmaniasis, Visceral/diagnosis , Adolescent , Adult , Agglutination Tests , Antibodies, Protozoan/analysis , Bangladesh/epidemiology , Bone Marrow/parasitology , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/epidemiology , Male , Sensitivity and SpecificitySubject(s)
Trypanosoma/physiology , Tsetse Flies/parasitology , Animals , Hyperplasia , Kenya , Salivary Glands/pathologyABSTRACT
A direct correlation was shown between bloodmeal intake in xenodiagnosis and subsequent infection rate with Trypanosoma (S.) cruzi, in first-stage nymphs of Panstrongylus megistus Burmeister. The parasitaemia of different hosts, or of the same host at intervals, thus can be compared indirectly by the proportion of first-stage nymphs infected in xenodiagnosis, if uniform distribution and infectivity of bloodstream trypomastigotes is assumed. This indirect comparison of host parasitaemia provides important information not obtainable otherwise, since parasitaemia often is too low for quantitative measurement. Infection rates were compared of first-instar P. megistus in experimental xenodiagnosis of patients and animals. All T. cruzi stocks originated from an endemic area of Brazil (Bahia state). Several batches of nymphs were fed sequentially on some hosts, to assess fluctuations of parasitaemia with time; in others, particularly the patients, xenodiagnosis was carried out only once.
Subject(s)
Chagas Disease/diagnosis , Panstrongylus/parasitology , Triatominae/parasitology , Trypanosoma cruzi/growth & development , Animals , Female , Humans , Mice , OpossumsABSTRACT
Durante julio y agosto de 1977, en un area de cerca de 1 km2 de bosque lluvioso tropical de la Amazonia, cerca de la localidad de Ararauca, Caqueta, Colombia, se hizo un estudio de la fauna de flebotomineos, usando varios metodos de captura (trampa Shannon, trampa de luz, cebo humano y captura manual de flebotomineos con aspiradores en los sitios de reposo). 35 especies de Lutzomya fueron encontradas (2.145 machos y 2.903 hembras), de las cuales 6 especies fueron nuevos registros para Colombia y una, nueva especie, la cual es descrita a partir de 23 ejemplares machos, como Lutzomyia Araracuarensis sp. nov. y colocada en el grupo Gasparviannai. La hembra de Lu. Wagleyi (grupo Longispina) es descrita por la primera vez. Se describen ademas machos y hembras de dos aparentemente desconocidas especies y provisionalmente se nominan como Lutzomyia sp. No. 1 de Araracuara, y Lu sp. No. de Araracuara; Lu. sp. No. 1 es colocada en el subgenero Trichophoromyia y Lu. sp. No. 2 en el grupo Oswaldoi. Veinticuatro hembras de flebotomineos (5 especies) estaban infestadas con acaros los cuales fueron identificados hasta nivel de familia o genero
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Diptera/analysis , Insect Vectors , Colombia , Diptera/classificationABSTRACT
Simultaneous xenodiagnosis was made of 29 patients with chronic Chagas's disease, six naturally infected opossums (Didelphis azarae) and of a Rhesus monkey with an experimental chronic infection with Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) cruzi (Peru strain). Patients and opossums were from an endemic area in the state of Bahia, Brazil, where Panstrongylus megistus is the sole domiciliary vector of the disease to man. Various instars of P. megistus Triatoma infestans and Rhodnius prolixus were used. The proportion of bugs infected with compared with bloodmeal intake by a computer programme using linear logistic analysis. The analysis showed that there are intrinsic interspecific differences in susceptibility to infection with Trypanosoma cruzi between the three triatomine species used and that subsequent infection of bugs with T. cruzi is correlated with the quantity of blood ingested. The results show that interspecific differences of bloodmeal size and intrinsic differences in susceptibility to T. cruzi between triatomine species are limiting factors for the standardization and interpretation of the results of xenodiagnosis.
Subject(s)
Chagas Disease/diagnosis , Triatominae/parasitology , Animals , Chagas Disease/transmission , Chagas Disease/veterinary , Ecology , Haplorhini , Humans , Macaca mulatta , Opossums , Statistics as Topic , Trypanosoma cruziSubject(s)
Chagas Disease/parasitology , Triatominae/parasitology , Animals , Chagas Disease/veterinary , Eating , Haplorhini , Humans , Macaca mulatta , Mice , Opossums , Rabbits , Rectum/parasitology , Triatominae/physiologyABSTRACT
Fifth instar Rhodnius prolixus, Triatoma infestans and Panstrongylus megistus were fed on a rhesus monkey (Macaca mullatta) with a chronic infection of Peru strain Trypanosoma cruzi and examined 30 days later for the presence of trypanosomes in the rectum. No correlation could be demonstrated between either blood meal size or sex and the subsequent development of a rectal infection with T. cruzi. As T. infestans and P. megistus were more highly infected than R. prolixus in terms of both percentage infected and degree of infection, the two former species can be regarded as more suitable for the xenodiagnosis of this particular strain of T. cruzi in M. Mullatta.
