Subject(s)
Vertigo/diagnosis , Child , Child, Preschool , Diagnosis, Differential , Evoked Potentials, Auditory , Female , Humans , Male , Vertigo/etiology , Vestibular Function TestsABSTRACT
A crystalline silica (standard quartz DQ12 with particle size less than 5 micrometers) is able to stimulate in Balb/c mice the production of antibodies of various isotypes to the T-dependent antigen trinitrophenylated keyhole limpet hemocyanin. Under the same experimental conditions silica was not able to stimulate antibody response to the T-independent antigen trinitrophenylated Ficoll. These results support the possibility that adjuvanticity of silica is correlated to its effects on one or more of the various functions carried out by macrophages on immune responses.
Subject(s)
Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology , Antigens, T-Independent/immunology , Hemocyanins , Silicon Dioxide/pharmacology , Animals , Antibody Formation/drug effects , Antigens/immunology , Female , Ficoll/analogs & derivatives , Ficoll/immunology , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Rats , Rats, Inbred Strains , Trinitrobenzenes/immunologyABSTRACT
A crystalline silica (standard quartz DQ12 with particle size less than 5 microns) is able to stimulate in Balb/c mice the production of IgE and IgG1 antibody to a single 1-microgram dose of ovalbumin. The adjuvant effects of silica on both IgE and IgG1 antibody production are prevented by pretreatment of animals with poly-2-vinylpyridine N-oxide, a polymer that protects macrophages from the well-documented toxic effects of silica. These results indicate that adjuvanticity of silica is, at least partly, correlated to the damage induced on macrophages.
Subject(s)
Adjuvants, Immunologic , Antibody Formation/drug effects , Immunoglobulin E/immunology , Immunoglobulin G/immunology , Polyvinylpyridine N-Oxide/pharmacology , Polyvinyls/pharmacology , Quartz/pharmacology , Silicon Dioxide/pharmacology , Adjuvants, Immunologic/physiology , Animals , Immunization , Injections, Intraperitoneal , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Ovalbumin/administration & dosageABSTRACT
Carrageenan, in its three fractionated forms iota, kappa and lambda, is able to stimulate in BALB/c mice the production of IgE, IgGl and those antibodies producing passive hemagglutination to ovalbumin. The adjuvant effect of carrageenan is more evident in the secondary response, and the iota form is more effective than the kappa and the lambda forms. The data are compatible with the possibility that adjuvanticity of carrageenan can be, at least partly, correlated to its antimacrophage activity.