ABSTRACT
(1) Background: Arterial stiffness is an important predictor of cardiovascular events. Perindopril and physical exercise are important in controlling hypertension and arterial stiffness, but the mechanisms are unclear. (2) Methods: Thirty-two spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were evaluated for eight weeks: SHRC (sedentary); SHRP (sedentary treated with perindopril-3 mg/kg) and SHRT (trained). Pulse wave velocity (PWV) analysis was performed, and the aorta was collected for proteomic analysis. (3) Results: Both treatments determined a similar reduction in PWV (-33% for SHRP and -23% for SHRT) vs. SHRC, as well as in BP. Among the altered proteins, the proteomic analysis identified an upregulation of the EH domain-containing 2 (EHD2) protein in the SHRP group, required for nitric oxide-dependent vessel relaxation. The SHRT group showed downregulation of collagen-1 (COL1). Accordingly, SHRP showed an increase (+69%) in the e-NOS protein level and SHRT showed a lower COL1 protein level (-46%) compared with SHRC. (4) Conclusions: Both perindopril and aerobic training reduced arterial stiffness in SHR; however, the results suggest that the mechanisms can be distinct. While treatment with perindopril increased EHD2, a protein involved in vessel relaxation, aerobic training decreased COL1 protein level, an important protein of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that normally enhances vessel rigidity.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) are used to reduce blood pressure and vascular resistance by modulating the ACE activity responsible for the angiotensin II formation. However, different ACEi seem to influence exercise-induced angiogenesis. The objective of this review was to investigate the effects of different ACEi on vessel growth in skeletal muscle induced by exercise training. The present study is characterized by a narrative literature review design, the databases of Scielo, Google Scholar and PubMed were consulted. There are different groups of ACEi , sulfhydryl group such as captopril and a carboxyl group such as perindiporil and enalapril that can influence their effects on ACE activity. It is already known that exercise promotes the increase of vessels from vessels already existing in the skeletal musculature, a process known as angiogenesis and contributes to the blood pressure reduction (BP). Although these different responses are still scarce, vessel endothelial growth factor (VEFG) and nitric oxide (NO) may participate. Thus, the use of different ACEi can influences the angiogenesis responses induced by exercise, being one of the important mechanisms for BP reduction. The choice of ACEi group should be carefully analyzed for hypertensive individuals who practice physical exercise. (AU)
Resumo Os inibidores da enzima conversora de angiotensina (iECA) são utilizados para redução da pressão arterial e resistência vascular modulando a atividade da ECA responsável pela formação da angiotensina II. Entretanto, diferentes iECAs parecem influenciar a angiogênese induzida pelo exercício físico. Desta maneira objetivo desta revisão foi investigar os efeitos de diferentes iECA sobre o crescimento de vasos no musculo esquelético induzido pelo exercício físico. O presente estudo caracteriza-se um delineamento de revisão de literatura narrativa, foram consultadas as bases de dados do Scielo, Google acadêmico e PubMed. Existem grupos distintos dos iECAs, grupo sulfidrila como o captopril e o grupo carboxila como o perindiporil e grupo que pode influenciar seus efeitos sobre a atividade da ECA. Já é sabido que O exrcício promove o aumento de vasos a partir de vasos já existentes na musculatura esquelética, processo conhecido como angiogênese e colabora para redução da pressão arterial (PA). Entretanto os iECAs parecem influenciar esta resposta do aumento da densidade capilar no músculo esquelético. Embora ainda sejam escassos estas diferentes respostas podem ter as participações do fator de crescimento endotelial de vasos (VEFG) e o óxido nítrico (NO). Desta maneira o uso dos grupos do iECAs podem influenciar as resposta da angiogênese induzido pelo exercício sendo um dos mecanismos importantes pela redução da PA. A escolha do grupo de iECA deve ser analisada com cautela para indivíduoS hipertensos que praticam exercício físico. (AU)
