Investing in the health of future populations through a youth-focused programme.

OBJECTIVE: This paper describes different approaches and results of the holistic integrated model of Rahnuma Family Planning Association of Pakistan (R-FPAP). The model seeks to provide sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services to adolescents and young people based on their rights as opposed to simply on their needs. METHODS: Combined methodical efforts were performed by the organization for the provision of SRH services to adolescents and young people including youth-friendly services at clinics, outreach interventions, youth empowerment, and advocating for youth sexual and reproductive health rights (SRHR). Service delivery statistics available in the organization from 2007-2011 were utilized for estimating the results of these efforts. RESULTS: An increase of 157.5% in the total number of SRH services received by adolescent and young clients aged 10-24 years was observed during a span of five years. About 310.8% more human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and reproductive tract infection (RTI)/sexually transmitted infection (STI)-related services were received by the clients of the same age group. The integration of different methodical efforts helped in reaching one of every 100 adolescents and young people in Pakistan aged 10-24 years during 2011, which was an increase from four of every 1,000 adolescents and young people of the same age bracket served in year 2007. CONCLUSION: The unmet need of the SRH rights of adolescents and youth, especially underserved young clients, can be addressed comprehensively through rights-based integrated approaches by providing clinical services, involving them through outreach initiatives, advocating for their SRHR, and facilitating them by establishing conducive environments for the promulgation of supportive laws and policies.

Attitudes and perceived barriers of tertiary level health professionals towards incident reporting in Pakistan.

BACKGROUND: A limited framework of incident reporting exists in most of the health care system in Pakistan. This poses a risk to the patient population and therefore there is a need to find the causes behind the lack of such a system in healthcare settings in Pakistan. AIMS: To determine the attitudes and perceived barriers towards incident reporting among tertiary care health professionals in Pakistan MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was done in Shifa International Hospitals and consisted of a questionnaire given to 217 randomly selected doctors and nurses. Mean ± SD of continuous variables and frequency (percentage %) of categorical variables are presented. Chi square statistical analysis was used to test the significance of association among doctors and nurses with various outcome variables (motivators to report, perceived barriers, preferred person to report and patient's outcome that influence reporting behaviors). P value of <0.05 was considered significant. Student doctors and student nurses were not included in the study. RESULTS: Unlike consultant, registrars, medical officers and nurses (more than 95% are willing to report), only 20% of house officers will report the incident happened through them. Sixty nine percent of doctors and 67% of nurses perceive 'administration sanction' as a common barrier to incident reporting. Sixty percent of doctors and 80% of nurses would prefer reporting to the head of the department. CONCLUSIONS: By giving immunity from administrative sanction, providing prompt feedback and assurance that the incident reporting will be used to make changes in the system, there is considerable willingness of doctors and nurses to take time out of their busy schedules to submit reports.

Emergency contraceptive pills: Exploring the knowledge and attitudes of community health workers in a developing Muslim country.

BACKGROUND: Unsafe abortion is a major Public health problem in developing countries, where women make several unsafe attempts at termination of the unintended pregnancy before turning to health services. Community health workers can act as a bridge between the community and their health facilities and can use Emergency Contraceptive Pills to significantly reduce the mortality and morbidity related to unsafe abortions. AIMS: This study explores the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the Lady Health Supervisor of the National Program for Family Planning, district Rawalpindi, regarding emergency contraception pills. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cross sectional survey was conducted during the monthly meeting of Lady Health Supervisors. Self administered, anonymous and voluntary questionnaire consisting of 17 items, regarding demographic profile, awareness, knowledge, attitudes and practices, was used. RESULTS: Insufficient knowledge, high misinformation and strongly negative attitudes were revealed. More than half did not know that emergency contraceptive pills do not cause abortion. About four fifths believed that emergency contraceptive pills will lead to 'evil' practices in society. More than four fifths recognized that the clients of National Program for Family Planning need emergency contraceptive pills. The attitudes were significantly associated with knowledge (P=0.034, Fisher's Exact Test). CONCLUSION: The awareness of emergency contraceptive pills is high. Serious gaps in knowledge have been identified. There is a clear recognition of the need of emergency contraceptive pills for the clients of National Program for Family Planning. However, any strategy to introduce emergency contraceptive pills must cater for the misplaced beliefs of the work force.